November Q&A: Biohacking Anxiety, Addiction & Poor Eyesight – #360

November Q&A: Biohacking Anxiety, Addiction & Poor Eyesight – #360

Why you should listen –

In this episode of Bulletproof Radio, we’ve selected the best questions that Bulletproof fans submitted through our voicemail, Facebook and the Bulletproof® Forums, for a ggabareat Q&A. Listen to Dave and Bulletproof Coach trainer Dr. Mark Atkinson talk about biohacking addiction, anxiety & poor eyesight. Enjoy the show!

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Male:
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Female:
Bulletproof Radio, a station of high performance.

Dave:
You’re listening to Bulletproof Radio with Dave Asprey. Today’s cool facts of the day is that babies have around 100 more bones than adults. We have about 300 bones at birth with cartilage between many of them. The extra flexibility helps you pass through the birth canal, and allows you to grow really rapidly. As you age, those bones fuse together leaving about 206 bones in the average adult skeleton. This is probably one of those reasons that babies are basically made out of rubber, because they take the most horrific falls and just get up and keep going. It’s creepy if you ever have one.

Today is one of my favorite kind of episodes because we’re recording a Q and A where Doctor Mark Atkinson, the Bulletproof medical director and I, get to hear your questions, and then respond to them. You can leave questions for us by going to bulletproof.com/pq. That stands for podcast questions, that’s bulletproof.com/pq. If you go there, you can just use your phone or your computer to record a quick question, we’ll play it on the air, and we’ll answer it for you. It’s like a talkshow dial in sort of thing, but you can do it at your convenience, and we’ll answer when we get a chance to be together in the studio so we can really focus on what you want to hear.

If you’re interested in hearing something, the odds are very high that tens of thousands of other people want to hear that, so I’d appreciate it if you take your time to just go to bulletproof.com/pq and ask away. The other thing to know about is that we just upgraded the Bulletproof forums. You can go to forum.bulletproofexact.com, and there’s a whole bunch of people, tens of thousands of people who are Bulletproof who are willing to answer your questions, and it’s a community of people. One of the things that leads to happiness is community, and one of the things that leads to success, yeah, socially and economically actually, is happiness. I gave a talk at the last Bulletproof conference about that.

Join the community and go to forum.bulletproofexact.com, and ask questions there as well. If you recorded something for us, we’ll answer your question on the air, most likely anyway. I do my best to answer all of them. Mark and I just love doing this. Mark’s an integrative functional medicine physician, and leads the Bulletproof coach training. You can learn about the Bulletproof executive coach training at bulletprooftraininginstitute.com. Here’s a big announcement for you today, well, actually it’s a small announcements, like 3 ounces small. After receiving literally thousands of emails from people requesting something more portable than our 16 and 32 ounce bottles of Brain Octane, Bulletproof is finally rolling out a 3 ounce travel size bottle. They’re portable, they’re spill proof, they are TSA friendly, and they come in just under the 3.4 ounce liquid limit for airplanes. That’s really important for someone like me who travels over 100 days out of the year.

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Again, just text the word BP radio to the number 38470. That’s number 38470, and reply when you get a text back asking for your email address so I can email you the code for a free bottle. I actually started carrying 6 of these bottles in my quart size Ziploc, and it’s still carry on legal. All right, shall we get started Mark?

Mark:
Okay, yes, so the first question we have is in audio.

Female:
Hi Dave. I came to the US when I was 29, and it’s been almost 16 years, but I still struggle with the English language, especially in listening. I know that it’s impossible to recognize the sounds that you aren’t exposed to when you were young. I wonder if you have come across any brain hack to improve your listening skills in foreign languages. Any little tip would be appreciated, thanks.

Dave:
Well, the first tip is to go back to your question, then when you say something like, “I know it’s impossible to.” It actually is impossible. You’ve got to rewire that statement and that belief system, because there are people, and in fact, my wife’s father, who is from Czechoslovakia. Actually not her father, her grandfather, learned Swedish, which is definitely not at all like Czech, when he was 80. It can be done. There is one case that disproved the statement, “It’s impossible to.” Maybe he was an alien, in fact, I’m pretty sure of it, but that notwithstanding, you’ve got to understand, this is possible, and it is doable. [inaudible 00:06:33] we’ll pick Mark’s brain on this.

Aside from the cognitive enhancers, getting mitochondria working better is because your ears are tied into your mitochondria, and your neurological processing is tied in. There are ways to exercise your ears. There is a technology called Tomatis, T-O-M-A-T-I-S, which can actually train the muscles in your ears to be able to hear a wider range of sounds, and to have more flexibility. Auditory training may really, really make a difference. What this is is, in part, almost a biofeedback thing. That’s an exercise for your ears.

There are other things, if you’re missing segments of sound, that you could use. Something called auditory integration training. The other thing that I have played with, but I haven’t played enough with, is that your language processing is basically a couple inches above your left ear and back a little bit, that part of the brain. I’ve never tried running TVCS, a small electrical current over that, but it could work. I did try infrared simulation many years ago, that part of the brain, and I spoke in garbled words for 46 hours, which is a little scary. Who knows, maybe it’s better.

I can tell you, I’ve not successfully hacked this, because I do not hear Swedish. Swedish and French both sound like someone mumbling sounds, and when someone says a word to me, just one word, I will say a different word back. It’s slightly different. I don’t hear the sounds right. Which is frustrating, because I can hear Spanish sounds okay. You can fix it, but it’s going to take effort, and it’s probably going to take real-time feedback. I would be looking at apps that allow you to know when you hear it exactly right. I believe you can hack this as long as you understand, first and foremost, that you can hack this. That’s the first unlocking of the key. Mark?

Mark:
Yes. I’m really pleased you picked up on the belief system. I just want to take a big picture back, which is, any time we ask a question, it’s always really helpful to reread through the question and just say, “Is there a belief system there that’s actually getting in the way of it?” There’s actually research that says that adults can even learn better languages than kids. Normally people think, “Okay, kids learn language much easier, the younger they start, the easier.” That’s absolutely true, but as an adult, you absolutely can learn the language, and you can improve your listening skills.

Dave:
Yeah.

Mark:
What’s really important is how we listen. Most people don’t listen, what they do is they listen to themselves. Everyone listening to this podcast knows that there is a constant story process going on inside your brain. What tends to happen is that when we are with another person, were actually listening to ourselves. I’m going to give you some little tips on how to listen. The first thing is to set a real clear intention that when you’re surrounded by people who are speaking English is to slow right down, and come into your body. What I mean by that is, most people spend their life living in their head.

Just breathe into your lower body, allow your mind to come clear, and really listen. Allow yourself to almost just take in what’s being said to you through osmosis. If you’re getting tense around it, that will actually shut the process down. The more relaxed you are, the better. Because actually, we learn better in a state called theta state. Theta state is a brainwave state that is a trainable skill that you can actually access in which your present, relaxed, and open.

Now, if we get really stressed around a language, then what happens is we going to hide beta which shuts us down to [inaudible 00:10:14]. It’s a trainable skill. Learning how to relax, be grounded, and be really clear in your mind, why is learning and listening to English really important? What is it you want to achieve? You really have a goal in mind. Most people just need to learn 200, 300 words of any given language, and you master those words, and there are loads of websites you can go to that will give you the main English language words, and you just go immerse yourself in that. Listen to local radio, surround yourself by that. If you get tense around it, that will shut it down.

Dave:
I picked up, just from listening to your voice, a little bit of tension there. You’ve been working on it for 16 years, there’s the anxiety that’s a block for anything. One of the ways to do anxiety here, just to get past that to open up learning, I can think of 3 things just off the top of my head that could be helpful for you. If there is a time where you were yelled at for not knowing words, or not hearing a language or something, that’s going to be triggered all the time.

If it’s a quick and dirty thing, EMDR, which is a therapy technique to go back and erase little traumas like that could be really beneficial for you. If it’s a bigger thing, I think 40 Years of Zen is probably the biggest, most high performance neural feedback program out there, but it’s pretty exclusive. You could also try something that came to mind when you were talking about theta states, Mark. If you were to go into a flotation tank, like these big, sensory deprivation things, these put you in a theta state pretty reliably. The one that I have downstairs at Bulletproof labs here allows you to plug a audio source in, and it has underwater speakers.

If you want something to sink really deep, it’s almost amazing what happens. You lay there, your floating, you got your plugs in, but the sound comes into your whole body, and you’re in a theta state. Anything you listen to when you’re in there goes in really deep. There are cases of people learning languages almost exclusively while floating, because it gets you out of the anxiety mode into the theta mode. A few interesting helps there.

Mark:
Yeah, you learn languages by osmosis then. If you’re being overly effortful, putting yourself under pressure, it’s going to backfire.

Dave:
Right.

Mark:
Learning how to manage your state, relax, and just being really clear is like, when is enough as well? You can know this for 16 years, which is a long time, and you know what? It may well be just finding being at peace with where you’re at, and being at peace with your level of comprehension will actually unlock your ability to learn a bit more.

Dave:
It’s true. The truth is, we heard the question just fine.

Mark:
Your spoken English was really great.

Dave:
Yeah.

Mark:
Yeah. Also, which part of America are you in? There are different dialects, and tones. If this is a real big source of anxiety for you, please, first of all, tend to the anxiety, and the stress, and the tension, and [inaudible 00:13:28] to be more accepting of where you’re at, learn how to access the theta states through relaxation, and be open to being surprised.

Dave:
Beautiful, well said. I think we got that one?

Mark:
I think we got that one.

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Mark:
Next question.

Sharon:
Hi, Dave. My name is Sharon, I’m from Chicago, and I’m wondering if you have any thoughts on the bait method for bio hacking your vision. I noticed you were starting to wear some reading glasses, me too. It’s quite the drag, and I was curious if you are into checking that out. I know Doctor Mercola has done it, and it’s been successful. Thanks, bye-bye.

Dave:
That is an awesome question, Sharon, and thanks for asking. I have definitely hacked my vision. The first thing that I did, which was probably the wrong thing, was, in about a 97, so this is going back a ways, I did Lasix surgery where they use a laser to reshape the eyes. I ended up with feeling like I had sand in my eyes for a couple years, really dry eyes, and I saw halos for a very long time. I don’t see halos anymore, they are probably still there, but my brain has programmed them out of my reality, so my visual processing changed. It may have contributed to light sensitivity that I have since been able to hack.

One of the things that made the biggest difference, though, is about 8 or so years after having the original surgery there, my eyes had drifted from 20-15, instead of 20-20. It was better than normal. They drifted to about 20-60. I don’t remember how many diopters that is, because I tend to think in the old way of measuring vision. I sat down, and I spent about an hour every Saturday morning for 3 months, and I trained my eyes using the base method and more to go back to better than 20-20. You can absolutely train your eyes. You noticed that I was wearing reading glasses, I actually don’t need reading glasses, I don’t wear reading glasses. The glasses you see me wear on some of the episodes have a coating on the lens that reduces the eyestrain that’s caused by excessive blue light. Because the studio here has 2 LED lights.

I talk about all the time how bright blue LED lights are bad for your mitochondria, and you have the most mitochondria in your eyes, and your brain, and your heart. I get visual stress from these things, I always have, and probably 48% of people have that, if not all of us. 48% of people have excessive stress. That’s according to Helen Irlen, and I’m actually changing these lights out for halogen, which will reduce my stress, but I wear those glasses, not for lens correction, but to basically keep junk light out of my eyes. I’d rather just not have junk light present in the studio, it’s just hard to get a good video for you without having that look right.

Now, the Bates method is something that’s … I understand it’s controversial. I think it’s only controversial because it makes optometrists feel threatened from a commercial perspective, because it generally works. The idea is that there’s muscles in your eyes. You can train the muscles in your eyes. Like in the rest of your body, if the mitochondria in your eyes are weak, and I just mentioned you have 10,000 mitochondria per cell in parts of the eye, versus about 1000 mitochondria, say, in the rest of your body. There’s a huge amount of energy use, huge oxygen requirements inside the eye. You address the eye from a strengthen it biologically, imagine things like ketosis and things that increase mitochondrial function.

Most of the [inaudible 00:17:49] techniques do that anyway. Those will help your eyes, help your vision, and then you go into the steps of the base method to train your vision. Some of the simple things you can do, I spent time doing, you tie a string to the wall 10 feet away from you, and you put 3 beads on the string, and you hold the string to your nose. You’ll look like a total dork to do Bates training.

As you’re looking at this, you actually see 2 strings coming away from your eyes because it’s the floating finger illusion that you can have if you hold both hands in front of your eyes. That same effect happens. And then you train yourself to look at each bead. You’re teaching your eyes to work well together. What I discovered in the course of 3 months of training my eyes with a specialty called, yeah, developmental ophthalmologist, is that my movement patterns, my body, my functional movement patterns weren’t wired right. When I do things like close my eyes and march in space unconsciously without my knowledge, I spin in a circle, I’m doing it.

These are crawling reflexes. Very low level wiring that happens at the brain stem level. In my case, it’s probably because I learned to read when I was 18 months old, there’s a lot of advantages to learning to read when you’re 18 months old. Visual processing and physical movement are not among these advantages that you get from learning to read early. You spend all your time thinking instead of feeling, and you spend all of your time reading instead of moving. Those are both advantages and disadvantages that I’ve had, and this kind of work to train my vision was some of the most exhausting work that I’ve ever done. I would come home [inaudible 00:19:20] an hour of training, and just go to sleep. Sleep for 4 hours, and be a zombie and a jerk because I was just exhausted at a cognitive level.

I absolutely support the Bates method. You can retrain these things. I didn’t realize that Doctor Mercola had started doing the Bates training, but it doesn’t surprise me. He’s actually a pretty accomplished bio hacker, he’s been on the show, and we’ve shared a stage at a couple conferences. I have a lot of respect there. If you are listening to this, and you’re thinking about your eyes, or considering an eye surgery let’s say, I even had an astigmatism on one side that went away in 3 months. We’re talking 12 one hour sessions of training.

It’s not that much work, except that when you’re doing the training it’s really hard. Finding specialists like this isn’t that easy to do. You might also consider reading a book by Meir Schneider called Yoga for Your Eyes, which takes the Bates method and moves it on. Meir’s training videos, I would call them, are hard to follow. I have them. I can tell you, though, that in person, when he spoke at the Silicon Valley Health Institute, which is the antiaging nonprofit group that I’ve run for more than a decade in Silicon Valley, he was one of the more inspiring people I’ve ever met. This guy has had 200 surgeries on his eyes since he was a very small child.

He, by every definition known to man, should be legally blind. His cornea is like shattered glass, like looking at pieces of a broken mirror. Just through force of will, and through some physical movement things, and breathing, and relaxation, and embodying things, he can drive. He can read. What he did is he just refused to accept being blind, and he reprogrammed his brain to reassemble the world around him that comes in through these shattered lenses to reprogram it into a picture of reality that’s completely functional. Just the amount of willpower, and effort, and force in the story there is just … Brings a tear to your eye, it’s that powerful. The story of just overcoming triumph.

We know you can tell your brain to reprogram whatever the eyes see. You should read Yoga for Your Eyes. You also owe it to yourself to check out Helen Irlen’s work at the Irlen Institute. Helen spoke at the last Bulletproof conference, she’ll be at the 4th annual conference this year where we are expecting around 3000 attendees. First conference is only 100. I’m now a certified Irlen practitioner for level I, which means I can diagnose whether someone has, what Helen’s identified as [scoptic 00:22:05] sensitivity.

I have it. When you see me wearing my sunglasses indoors, I have some older ones that were more orange, and as my brain actually improved, the ones I have now are a little bit more gray, but what this is, is a custom tint for my eyes, because certain wavelengths of color create stress inside my brain, so I tend to get more tired if I’m in a visually stressful environment. My color of tint might be different than Mark’s color would be. Mark, you are not sensitive. You did the training as well with me?

Mark:
No, I was, and that was a revelation. I’ll share a bit about that once you [inaudible 00:22:40].

Dave:
Let’s talk about that a little bit. Helen Irlen’s stuff is something you absolutely should look at. If you’re looking at the Bates method, you might that just putting a colored sheet of plastic over what you read, it can change the amount of energy you have every day. When people, roughly half of us who have this, put on these lenses, it’s like you got your brain back at the end of the day. It’s a game changer.

My buddy, Abel James did this from Fat Burning Man. He went and saw Helen Irlen after, I think, meeting her at the Bulletproof conference, and he has his indoor sunglasses. Same things, like, “I got 25% of my brain back.” This is big thing. The eyes, if you stress them out the mitochondria in your eyes, they get stressed. Mitochondria are just basically ancient bacteria embedded in our cells that are running the cells to be honest. They get stressed, where do they go? They go into the brain where you also have a lot of mitochondria density, and these things communicate with each other. You can create a wave of mitochondrial stressed throughout the body just by having visual stress. It’s really important to get your eyes fixed. Anything Mark?

Mark:
Yeah, I feel like this is a great question. I came across his work 10 years ago. Anyone who is a bio hacker, or into natural health will come across this eventually. It’s just one of the rites of passage. You just come across it. Doctor Bates, he actually wrote his book, way back in 1919, this is nearly 100 years ago, I think he’s one of the original bio hackers. What I love about his approach is just saying, “Hey, listen, before you were told to get corrective lenses, take a moment to pause and ask yourself the question, why do I have this problem?”

That is at the heart of taking charge of your health. You just ask the question, “Why?” Really what he was saying in a nutshell was that, tension held in the muscles that surround the eye distort the eyeball, and therefore create blurred vision. We create and store muscular tension throughout our body, but also around our eyes. He came up with this series of exercises, relaxation exercises, that were designed to essentially release this held tension. For some people it works really well, for others it doesn’t. You only find out by doing it. The worst mistake you can make is immediately to go to corrective lenses.

Because then that falls under the category of what I call lazy medicine. Lazy medicine is, well, you treat the symptom with a medication, or a tool, or a procedure. What you want to do is you want to intervene before then. I’m going to take some time to read around the subject, and to look at all the different causes, and to do what I can do over the next couple of weeks and months to help myself. When I first came across this, I thought this was deeply insightful.

Then I go on to learn about Helen Irlen’s work. Because I think, “Well, why do we get this kind of muscular tension in these eyeball muscles, what is it about our environment that actually triggers this?” Well, it turns out that a lot of us are very sensitive to very specific wavelengths of light. What they do is, when you’re exposed to those wavelengths, they scramble and create brain static. When you grow up with this, it becomes normal for you.

Then when you apply the remedy, which is color tinted glasses, or if you do some reading and read it through a colored, translucent sheet, you experience this wave of relaxation, because it’s no longer stressful to your body. One way you can tell whether you have the syndrome is really whether you struggle and suffer when you’re exposed to bright lights and fluorescent lighting. If you go into the shopping mall, and you notice you get depleted real easy, you get distracted, you get irritable, you get anxious.

Dave:
Hold on a second, most people don’t know it’s lighting. I used to talk to my dad, he’s like, “There’s no oxygen inside these big box stores, inside these shopping malls. I hate the shopping mall.” He didn’t know why. He used to say, “It’s got to be the air.” Sometimes they have [inaudible 00:26:54].

Mark:
They have stuff in there, oh yeah.

Dave:
Right, but here’s the trick, go to a store that always makes you tired, put on a baseball hat and sunglasses, just look like a terrorist or shoplifter, it’s okay, and just see the difference. What you’ll find is, you went in, you bought what you wanted, you went out, and when you go in there normally, and you have this, which is roughly half of us, you go in there and you’re like, “I have no idea why I’m here, I’ll just take one of everything.” You have a shopping cart full of crap you don’t need.

Mark:
Then the shop is in charge of your decision-making abilities, because you make bad decisions when your brain is stressed. Here’s the thing, so when you’re exposed to this light, it scrambles your brain. Your energy goes down, and you may also know this, and just take a moment to reflect on this, that when you read text, particularly if it’s white paper with black text, if you find that hard to read a sentence and it cause a bit of strain, or you see distortion in the text, and we actually have a video of this.

Dave:
Oh, yeah, we’ll link that in here.

Mark:
Which we will link in.

Dave:
Yeah.

Mark:
What happens is, people tell me, they say, “Well, I’ve lived with this all of my life and I thought it was normal.” You should not get tired when you read. You should not get tired when you’re exposed to some wavelengths of light, but if you have this underlying predisposition, then it is a significant source of kryptonite, and a source of stress, and my belief is that it’s a significant contributor to the muscular tension in and around the eyes that cause distortion.

Dave:
I’ve read, I have no idea how many thousands and thousands of books, but I’m a voracious reader, so I learned to read when I was young, and I didn’t know I had this. I remember when I first sat down, this is probably 10 years ago, 2008, 8 years ago, I was noticing we’d shifted to LED lights indoors, which are even worse than fluorescents, and I was having a hard time in my new job at a big box in Silicon Valley. I said, “I’m going to hack this.” I did all this research, and I found Helen Irlen’s work, and I went, and I drove to Walnut Creek, and I took a look at doing the Irlen test. I said, “I don’t have a problem reading, are you kidding me? I read fast, I read reliably, I love to read, I read for fun.”

Then this guy sat me down with bright paper under fluorescent lights, and he’s like, “What do you see around the words?” I’m like, “Space?” He goes, “No, look some more, there’s something going on there.” I had filtered this out of my awareness. Around the words there’s all sorts of dancing crap, but I couldn’t see it because I had just trained myself to not see it. When I looked what was there I’m like, “This is weird.” When I went and I met Helen, the inventor of this stuff, down in LA a while later, like actually almost 8 years later, she did her own review of me, she said, “Dave, you’re one of the 5 worst cases I’ve ever seen.” I was unaware of it. How could I have not known?

Mark:
The reason you didn’t know was because the brain is incredibly adaptive. It finds ways to accommodate and work around it, but here’s the thing. When you correct the problem by using the [inaudible 00:30:05], your brain no longer has to do that, and it increases the efficiency of the brain, and then liberates all this sense of energy and freedom. If you’re listening to this and going, “Well, I don’t know whether that applies to me or not.” Take a look at the video, which we’re going to provide you the link to, and go and take a look at her website as well, because if you have this, this will be undermining your ability to focus, and perform, and do everything that matters to you most, because it’s a constant source of stress.

Dave:
Think about this. Okay, this is going on, it’s constantly sucking energy, so you do a test, it’s like going to an ophthalmologist kind of thing, and then you get a pair of sunglasses with custom lenses, and you just wear them like you would reading glasses indoors, and suddenly you doubled the amount of energy you have. That is a serious bio hack. It’s ginormous.

Mark:
This is why it’s so important we ask ourselves, “What is the cause of this problem?” Because, say if you’re tired all the time, and so you’re taking all the adaptogens, you’re doing herbs, you doing all these kinds of things to improve your energy, but if the problem is the light exposure combined with the Irlen syndrome, that’s what you need to address.

Dave:
In fact, if this is really, really interesting for you, I have, in the last year, reduced my light sensitivity by at least 50%. I don’t know, Mark, if we even talked about this. Yeah, so I am way more resilient under even the worst, crappiest, junk light you can possibly get. Resilience is what I’m working on with Bulletproof. It’s like, how do I have the energy to always bring it no matter what environment I’m in?

Mark:
That’s the key.

Dave:
Some people, I don’t know, they don’t seem to care, or the light sensitivity doesn’t seem to affect them at all. That’s cool, I want that superpower, but I don’t have it right now. I’m going to do a whole big blog series on this, and maybe we’ll do a special show on it, and I will be talking on stage at the Bulletproof conference about this. If you’d like to know more, subscribe to Bulletproof, and we’ll send an email out when I’ve got all this together. I will tell you exactly how I reduce my light sensitivity, and how I reduced the symptoms of Irlen syndrome.

I still have it. I still have more energy when I wear my Irlen lenses, I travel with them all the time. I bring them with me. If I’m going to sit indoors under crappy lighting, I’m going to use them. I’m probably going to wear a baseball hat, which you’ll see in a lot of my Facebook lives if you go to my Instagram account, dave.asprey, or on Snapchat I’m often times wearing a baseball hat. When I’m not just behind a camera like this, on Snapchat, I’m just Dave Asprey. You’ll find that’s part of what I do, and it’s because if I’m in an airport, I’m going to wear a baseball hat, because the airport lighting is crappy. I’m not going to take that into my system. I don’t eat junk food, and I don’t expose myself to junk light on purpose. This is part of being a high performance human. I’m saving my capacity for something that matters, because wasting my energy on crappy food and crappy light, it’s just not okay.

Mark:
If you care about your energy, you care about your performance, you care about the way you feel, the way you show up, you go take a look at this. This is such an important area that hardly anyone knows about.

Dave:
Yeah, and I should mention too, Helen’s work changed my life. I was really struggling, it was my first public company vice president position, so I was responsible for I think corporate development, and company strategy, and some of the project management stuff at computer security and network acceleration company. The light in that building was messing with me. I really want to preform my best, and sometimes I’m in a meeting, and I can’t stay awake. My brain is going all over the place. This stuff really changed things for me. Helen’s work changed my career, I don’t have any financial relationship with Helen whatsoever, I’m just recommending this because it’s really important work. Irlen.com, I-R-L-E-N.com.

Mark:
Okay, so next question. “Do you have any hacks for anxiety? I was diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder 4 years ago. My doctor wants to put me on meds, but I’m not keen. What are my options?” This is from Craig H. 29.

Dave:
Craig, first it’s awesome that you’re paying attention to this, and you’re looking at it from, I have control of this, versus, what probably I would have done when I was in my early 20s, if not my late 20s. I’d be like, “Whatever you say Doctor. You have a white lab coat, you must have special powers.” You probably can’t hack it, and maybe meds are the right thing. There’s no shame in using a medication when it’s what gives you control of your own biology. There is a case for it. It is not wise to go straight to the medication until you’ve looked at environmental factors and things that you can control that will maybe be better for you in the long term.

Almost every anxiety medication that you can name is shown to reduce your mitochondrial function, which is really interesting. The one exception there is that some of the SSRIs, at least in a short term, increase mitochondrial function, and in the long term they may harm it. Just weird. I would encourage you to say, “All right.” Don’t discard the meds, you’re not weak if you’re on meds, but what do you do about anxiety? One of my favorite technologies, and something that I do for people who don’t even know they have anxiety, we all have some of it, is heart rate variability training.

I had a hedge fund manager, this guy ran a multibillion-dollar hedge fund, and I sat down with him and said, “Look, all of my coaching clients, we need to get a heart math device.” They are 100 bucks or something. Like orders one from his private jet. That kind of a situation. I said, “Just do it for 20 minutes a day. It just teaches you to breathe in and breathe out, and there’s a thing you do that makes the light green, and when you do it, you’re changing the spacing between your heartbeats to take yourself out of flight or fight mode, and put yourself into rest and reset mode. It’s called sympathetic dominant parasympathetic dominant.”

Most people who don’t have strong anxiety, over the course of about 6 weeks, they develop a new skill. You can develop a skill over 5 years of meditating in a cave without feedback, it’s just easier with feedback. I did this, and it was really transformative for me, because I figured out that hundreds of times a day, without my knowledge or consent, my nervous system was kicking into fight or flight mode. Once I used this kind of feedback to learn what it felt like, there’s a little twinge you feel, at least for me I feel it in my chest, and then you learn a 2nd skill which is how to turn it off. Pretty soon I caught myself playing whack a mole. Hundreds of times during the day, my nervous system would go … That’s anxiety. Then I would go, “Flak.” That’s the antidote for anxiety, which is parasympathetic mode.

These are learned states and controlled states. You might not find it that easy to do if your basic biology isn’t working. If you don’t have adequate energy delivery to your brain, which happens if your blood sugar swings a lot, you’re not eating enough of the good fats, you are probably going to get this much deeper level anxiety. I think this is a chronic problem for people right now, because we have this weird situation where people eat a bowl of kale, rock kale with a low-fat dressing or some crap, and they’re like, “I don’t feel good.” 2 hours later.

It’s because you have no energy in yourselves. There’s not enough calories in a raw kale salad, and some of the stuff in the kale inhibits mitochondrial function anyway. When there is a brownout of energy, it’s not quite a blackout, you didn’t pass out, you didn’t die, but you just had insufficient energy delivery to the neurons in your brain, the neurons, 10,000 mitochondria … In fact, neurons are so bad ass, these cells in the body, they are the only cells that have basically a shuttling system, 2 different shuttling systems to move mitochondria around inside the cell.

Imagine a city that had so much power demand that it’s impossible for this skyscraper to have enough power, so when everyone in that building’s working, a bunch of trucks drive in with extra generators and plug-in, and then they provide power while it’s needed, and then they go, “Oh, better drive somewhere else.” That’s what’s happening inside your neurons. Your mitochondria actually are motile. These little bacteria that run who you are and who I am, that’s going on in there. When they don’t get the power they need, when that skyscraper is like, “I’m trying to build something here. I don’t have enough power.” Guess what that feels like? It feels like anxiety.

Mark:
It’s the emergency.

Dave:
Yeah. What happens then? You get a cortisol spike, you get an adrenaline spike. When you get those, you get those spikes because those liberate glucose. When they liberate glucose, hey, look, there’s more power for the mitochondria, now the neuron can do what it was going to do. You’re dealing with this on a second by second basis. You better address your food, you better be on the Bulletproof diet, and you better learn what it feels like when you kick into fight or flight mode, whether it’s caused by an energy lag, or whether it’s caused by a trauma in your life. The traumas come through because you’re programmed just like a deer. Just like any mammal out there.

The programming happens when you’re young, and it happens that way so you can survive long enough to reproduce. There’s only 3 things you’ve got to do as any animal. Eat everything so you don’t starve to death, that would be address the energy brownout situation. It would be kill or run away from anything that might be a threat. Those I said might be, that not actually is a threat. Then make sure you have sex with everything just to make sure the species survives. There you go, you’ve got a recipe for a self replicating creature.

Well, in order for you to know what is a threat to you and what isn’t a threat, you get programmed with automated threat detection systems that come in your first several years of life before you had a chance to think about things or understand anything. Before you’d had a profound cortex. If, like me, you got programming that told you everything was a threat, you’re going to have anxiety. In my case, I was born with the cord wrapped around my neck. I came into the world choking and thinking something was trying to kill me. Actually, I didn’t think that, you’re a baby, you don’t really think. I felt like something was trying to kill me.

That stuck with me until I recognized that that was a source of anxiety, and I addressed that when I was 30. I did Holotropic breathing, I did neural feedback, and to this day, 40 Years of Zen, it’s something I do with my executive coaching clients. It’s a very high-end [inaudible 00:40:42], it’s the one that reaches the deepest to light or reprogram those traumas. I’ve done EMDR and I recommend it to people. This is a type of trauma identification and removal system you can do with the therapist. These are really important for anxiety.

If you don’t address the biology, it’s going to be harder to do all these other things. Do the heart rate variability starting tomorrow, change your diet starting tomorrow, and then look at the sources of things that may have programmed you to have anxiety so that you see things as a threat that aren’t naturally threats. When you can undo that tangle, it sets you free. If you start doing the psychology work and having to address the energy stuff underneath it, it’s going to be a lot more work, and your chances of success go down.

Mark:
Yeah, I’m with you on this. The [inaudible 00:41:25] looks exactly the same is we start with saying, “What is the cause of this?” Now, I want to back a little bit, because I just want to say, listen, age 29, and asking for help, I love that because-

Dave:
I wouldn’t have done it.

Mark:
So many people suffer in silence. They normalize their experience, they just resign themselves to feeling this way, and then [inaudible 00:41:48] root of self-medication. You turn to cannabis, to alcohol, to tranquilizers. That is the default route for most people. I just love the fact, Craig, the age of 29, that you’re putting out these things. I do not want to feel this way, what can I do? I love that. Because that’s the first step to change. What you just heard from Dave is great, because this can be a symptom of a energy deficient syndrome. When your body does not have enough energy, it goes into panic and survival mode.

How does it let you know there’s a problem? It activates the sympathetic nervous system that creates anxiety, stress, tension, and arousal. Managing your blood sugar, improving your diet, working with your biology is the foundation. Then you’ve got to ask yourself a question, what’s deeper than that? What deepened that absolutely can be the trauma is our pre-peri-postnatal experiences can all have a significant impact, and set up the template for a default way of being to be fundamentally anxious.

The other big thing is for anyone listening to this, some anxious people don’t know they are anxious because they’ve always felt this way, and they are being brought up surrounded by other anxious people. Let me explain how you know if you’re anxious. If you have a lot of mind chatter, and you can’t control that mind chatter, and you rarely experience peace, and stillness, and space inside your head, you’ve probably got some anxiety there. What happens is that when we don’t attend to the anxious energy sitting in our body, that energy goes up into the head and fuels over thinking and story making. What happens is, we get caught up in these anxiety creating stories which are normally rooted in fear, and then that generates more arousal, which generates more stories, and then becomes self-perpetuating.

Here’s the good news, you can put a stop to that, and here’s how you do it. Anytime you feel anxious, or overwhelmed, or stressed, you take your focus away from the story, the narrative inside your head, you turn your attention into your body, and this sounds a little bit weird, but silently you notice where the tension is inside your body, it’ll be there somewhere, it’ll be a heaviness that contracts, you say to it silently, “I’m pleased you’re here. I’m going to be okay.” What happens is, when you shift from avoiding your felt experience or feeling experience, and you turn towards it, and you accept it, and you affirm safety, your neurology relaxes. Your parasympathetic nervous system kicks in.

The relaxation response takes over, and you’ll feel yourself so much more grounded. If you have a lot of trapped energy there, another thing I’d love you to do, and I love teaching this. We teach this to our [characters 00:44:54] in the Bulletproof coach training program. It’s one of the favorite things they love. It’s called shaking medicine. Now, many indigenous populations have found that by allowing the body to shake our energy, actually resets the nervous system. If you watch a traumatized animal that has been, say, has ever chased by a lion, that has ever escaped, and it will automatically, and involuntary start to shake uncontrollably.

If you have ever witnessed somebody that’s in a car accident, they’ll often shake uncontrollably. That is actually the body’s inbuilt mechanism for releasing stress, adrenaline, and trauma. Shaking medicine just simply says, “Every single day for a couple of minutes, allow your body to shake.” You’ll feel a bit self-conscious, that’s normal, but allow yourself to start shaking, and you’ll actually start discharging all of a sudden. That’s why it is when you exercise and discharge energy you feel so good. That’s why it is when some people have sex and they discharge energy, they feel so good. There is a temporary discharge in this trapped energy.

Dave:
There’s a couple things, didn’t mean to cut you off their, one is SWAT team members and military special operators all know this. If you go out on a raid, and all of that, to arrest someone for smoking pot, you got a [inaudible 00:46:12], but it could have been dangerous. Kidding. If you go out there for a real life and death situation, where your life as a serviceman, or as a care provider, is on the line, when you’re done, you cannot sleep. You’re so charged up. What they learned is, oh, yeah, what you do is you go work out. [inaudible 00:46:32] you got to discharge it, you’ve got to burn it off. Until they knew that, this is the neuropsychology of trauma, and this comes from the book On Killing actually, where they studied first responders, and firefighters, and all, and they looked at these biological reactions, but we all have these, just like you’re saying.

Mark:
Yeah, we have it. Anxiety be combination of an energy issue, and an energy mismanagement issue. You need to learn how to build biological energy, and manage your emotional energy. Do that as a daily practice, make it one of the most important things you do, and what you’ll probably start to find is, particularly when you affirm your safety, as long as you are genuinely safe, is the part of us that feels anxious is often the young part of us. When you turn to that part of you inside, and you affirm safety, and you discharge the energy, you come back into the present moment.

What tends to happen for a lot of people is, particularly if you’re a people pleaser, you don’t allow yourself to feel anger, you get this build up of energy inside of you, because you’re in this inauthentic state, and authenticity and resistance to reality generates tension that builds up day after day after day. Part of your self-care practice would be, at the end of the day, reviewing today. What pissed me off today? Allowing yourself to feel that emotional charge, welcome it, shaking out, or using whatever practice you want to do, and you need a calming practice as well. When Dave talked about heart rate variability, that’s a great practice.

Even just doing belly breathing, 4/7 breathing, you breathe into the count of 4, out at the count of 7. The prolonged expiration triggers the body’s parasympathetic nervous system. Also, use some amino acids as well. When we need to relax, that uses neurotransmittical GABA. In some countries you can buy GABA, if you can’t buy GABA, you can use l-theanine, or l. You can use [inaudible 00:48:31] all of those change into GABA as well. You can use passionflower, you can use hops. Please, and there is a lot of people listening to this who are probably using this approach, please do not self medicate with tranquilizers, alcohol, cannabis.

Know why you have the anxiety, start managing your biological energy, your emotional energy, start doing that discharge, make yourself feel safe. If, after all that, you have to use medications, great. Because medications can just enable you to be higher functioning for a period of time whilst you’re dealing with all that. Say, for example, the origin of your anxiety was torment. Then, for that [inaudible 00:49:17], you may need something like that to help you through. There’s no shame in that. Just in summary, I love the fact that you wrote in that you put it out, the fact that you want to take charge of yourself. Just know there is so much you can do to help yourself.

Dave:
Craig, there’s some other stuff too to understand, and just something that really came crystal-clear for me through doing 10 weeks of the 40 Years of Zen training, and doing it with lots of clients, one of the things that happens when you have electrodes on your head for hours a day, for a week, is, it functions like a lie detector. What you find is that, what happens is, something occurs in the world around you, and your biology response to it, and it responds with a feeling, or emotion.

Then, oh, 200 ms or so, 300 ms later your conscious, rational brain says, “I’m going to make up a story about why I had that feeling.” What actually happened was, the feeling happened for no freaking reason, the reasons are not, in any way, shape, or form, rational or logical. They simply occur. They occur to keep your meat alive, they occur in animals too, it’s just a feeling. The problem is that, in your case, your feeling anxiety. The good thing is that you are feeling anxiety. When I started on this path, I didn’t even feel anxiety. All I felt was generally pissed off most of the time.

Mark:
Or numb.

Dave:
Yeah, numb. Yet, there you go, numb and pissed off. It took me like 3 days of working at a workshop. It was a 10 day workshop to get in touch with your feelings. I’m like, “Why is it that something isn’t right?” The lady who was running it, Barbara Findeisen, this was something called the Starr Foundation, and she’s like, “Dave, you have some feelings in there.” I go, “Yeah, I’m pissed off.” She says, “No, there’s other feelings.” I’m like, “No, there’s not.” Finally she looked at me after 3 days of being in my head and arguing with her, she’s like, “Okay, is there a feeling in your body anywhere?” I go, “Yeah, there’s a feeling in my stomach.” She goes, “There’s a name for that feeling.” I go, “What is it?” She goes, “It’s called fear.” I was like, “Are you kidding me?”

I didn’t have the labeling for these things, probably because I was Asperger’s in my approach to things. I wasn’t formally diagnosed with it, although many members of my family have, and the odds are very high that I had it. Maybe I’m disconnected from that more than average, but it’s given me the gift of being able to watch what’s going on in there. In my own case, understanding that I had any anxiety at all, [inaudible 00:51:55] anxiety, it’s invisible to me, it’s not there. I may be don’t like a lot of people because they are stupid, that was my take on the world, but it did come down to, feelings happen, and then I tell myself a story. The story is that everyone else is an ass hole. Well, okay, that wasn’t really an accurate story, but that was whatever my own internal dialogue was. Your internal dialogue, the story you tell yourself as a result of the feeling of anxiety, is very likely not actually true.

That’s something that you’ll work through. Whether you do it with meds or without meds, it doesn’t actually matter, just do it in the right order. Address the biological energy, and then go in and work on the therapeutic things. You can unwind it, and you’ll find that over the course of, usually 1 to 2 years, and may be faster if you’re doing some neural feedback, or some of the assisted biofeedback type of things, the stories you tell yourself about the feelings you have will change, and the feelings themselves will change.

One of the things we do at 40 Years of Zen is called neural feedback augmented retro framing. There, we go into an altered state, we use the computer to show you how to alter your own state, and then you go back and you rewrite the experiences that told your nervous system how to interpret reality around you. Today, you walk in and you feel anxiety because it’s a room full of people. Well, if you can reprogram your nervous system so that when it sees a room full of people, it’s like, “Wow, look at all these people here to help.” The core feeling went away, so then your story about the feeling can go away too. There’s actually processes to do this, they are just a hell of a lot faster with technology. That’s why I’m so excited about this, so that’s why I do it.

Mark:
Yeah. Just one final … I keep saying one final thing. This is such a great opportunity because here’s another thing as well, and this probably applies to every single person listening to this podcast right now. Please give yourself permission to feel all of your emotions. It’s okay to feel anger, it’s okay to feel sadness, it’s okay to feel guilt, it’s okay to feel happiness. It’s okay to feel joy. What we want to do is go to a place where our emotional bandwidth expands from being locked into a specific emotion, so your default, underlying tone was anger, to expand this so we get to a place where we just see emotion for what it is, which is just energy that we label as being this or that, we learn how to welcome with it, and work with it. Because when you learn how to work with your biological energy and your emotional energy, and you do those 2 simultaneously, that’s when your life takes off, and that is at the heart of high performance.

Dave:
Indeed. We’re upon the end of the show Mark. If you enjoyed this show, you can do a couple things to say thanks. The first one is go on over to bulletproof.com/pq, that’s short for podcast questions, and record a question of your own so that Mark and I can riff on it and have a conversation like this with maybe half a million people listening, and benefit them greatly. The question that you have in your mind is probably something that everyone else has too, so have the courage to ask us. I would appreciate that. That’s bulletproof.com/pq, you can also, while you’re at bulletproof.com, you can go there and try some Brain Octane.

If you haven’t tried this, if you’re using coconut oil, it takes about between 10 and 18 times as much coconut oil as you can get for Brain Octane oil. This may be 5% of the oil found in coconut oil. Coconut oil doesn’t raise ketones the way that Brain Octane does. It is a very different neurological feeling to try the real stuff. Give it a shot. If you don’t drink coffee, I won’t judge you, at least not very much, but you can pour Brain Octane on any food, you can cook with it, you can use it in your salad dressing. I actually have Brain Octane in a little flask, and when I travel I put it on every meal. I get it 3 times a day, because my energy is so stable, I just have more energy to do things like this. You can check that out, and you can also go to iTunes. You can leave a rating that said, “This was a valuable use of your time while you were commuting, or sitting at work today listening to this.”

One of the commitments that Mark and I have is to not waste your time with Bulletproof Radio. If you look at the number of hours of downloads of this, we are pushing 50 million downloads, and you divide by the number of hours in human life, there is something like 100, a little bit more than 100 human lives have been consumed by this content. If we are adding value, then, well, we earn some karma bonus points. If we are basically making a bunch of dick jokes and wasting your time, we do the opposite of that. That’s not what we’re going to do. Hopefully you laugh a few times during this, but hopefully you leave every single episode with an upgrade. That’s what this is here to do, that’s why we’re here. If we’re doing that for you, just let us know through a rating, or through supporting Bulletproof. I greatly appreciate it, thank you.

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Connecting your Gut and your Brain with David Perlmutter – #359

Why you should listen –

Dr. Perlmutter is a Board-Certified Neurologist and Fellow of the American College of Nutrition who received his M.D. degree from the University of Miami School of Medicine where he was awarded the Leonard G. Rowntree Research Award. He has published extensively in peer-reviewed scientific journals including Archives of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and The Journal of Applied Nutrition, and is a frequent lecturer at symposia sponsored by such medical institutions as Columbia University, Scripps Institute, New York University, and Harvard University. He serves as Associate Professor at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. His latest book The Grain Brain Whole Life Plan will be published in November of this year. On today’s episode of Bulletproof Radio, Dave and Dr. Perlmutter talk about gut health, how it’s connected to your brain, artificial sweeteners, C-Sections and more. Enjoy the show!

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Dave: Today’s cool fact of the day is that the gut is sometimes called the second brain, but you actually probably already knew that, but your gut is smarter than you think. It’s the only human organ that functions without the help of your brain, and it’s got 100 million cells. Holy neurons, right? In fact, the gut sends signals to the brain via the vagus nerve, and you actually send more information from the gut, to the brain, than from the brain to the gut. In other words, your brain is translating gut signals as emotions. So, when someone says trust your gut, it might be worth doing. Before we get into today’s episode in detail, there’s something that you should hear about, or see. It’s called the Bulletproof diet roadmap poster. I’m going to hold it up for people who are watching on YouTube.

 

This is a one page thing. You can get the poster from the website, or from the store, or you can download and print it if you want. It’s free. https://daveasprey.com/the-complete-illustrated-one-page-bulletproof-diet/ This is everything in the bulletproof diet on one sheet of paper. The reason it’s there is because you might not have time to read the book when it’s time to make breakfast and you just wanted to see, is this food inflammatory or not? It’s all here and it’s something I don’t talk about enough. So, check it out. You can go to bulletproof.com and we’ll send you the pretty one that’s all printed nicely. There are tens of thousands of people who have this on their fridge every day, just to see … Did I really really want to eat this ingredient? It’s all there, from super good, to kryptonite, and the ones in the middle where you might want to pay attention. So head on over to bulletproof.com to check it out.

 

Today’s guest is a well known guy, a guy I really respect. That guy’s name was on the back cover of the bulletproof cookbook. His name is Dr. David Perlmutter of Grain Brain fame. David, can you say Grain Brain fame three times fast? Because I just about fell over on that.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: I can, but I don’t know if you’re going to hold me to that.

 

Dave: I won’t, but that was a major tongue twister. People who aren’t familiar with your work may not know that, in addition to being a fellow of the American College of Nutrition, you’re a neurologist, and that you’ve written in things like Archives of Neurology, neurosurgery, and so you’re not a quote normal doctor, although you are an MD, but you’re doing both nutrition and neurology, so you’ve crossed over from two different disciplines, which is why you have a different way of thinking about things.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: True, I’m just saying I guess being abnormal in this context is a compliment, so thanks for that.

 

Dave: It is meant to be a compliment. The reason that you’re back on this show today is that I just had a chance to go through your newest book, called Brain Maker: The Power of Gut Microbes to Heal and Protect the Brain For Life, and it’s already a best seller, but I wanted the bulletproof audience to get a chance to hear about your new research. Because, you are one of the few guys who has successfully written about the brain for the mainstream with a neurologist and a nutritionist’s perspective. It’s an unusual thing to do, and your books are always things that, if I see one, I always read it, and now that we know each other I get the advanced copies, which is even more fun. Even long before we met, I was reading your stuff, because it’s good, so thanks for being on the show.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: I’m delighted. Thank you, Dave.

 

Dave: Why did you decide to write about the gut, as a neurologist?

 

Dr. Perlmutter: Million dollar question, and I have to say that as a neurologist, we were schooled in pretty much staying focused on the brain and exploring the brain, studying the brain, under the mistaken notion that: Why do you rob banks? Because that’s where the money is. The reality is that the brain is highly influenced by the gut for … And this has relevance for every neurodegenerative condition that has a vowel in its name, basically … So, we now understand that the mechanism that’s leading to Alzheimer’s and Lou Gehrig’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s, you name it, autism, ADHD, is one word in that is inflammation. Where’s that coming from? Inflam means, in Latin, to light on fire, and where is the fire? Before we get the answer to that question, I would submit that all of the so-called treatments that I had been schooled in, and that neurologists still continue to pursue, are not looking at the fire. They’re looking only at the smoke. Meaning they are squarely focused on dealing with symptoms that occur because inflammation has done its dirty deed.

 

Inflammation in the body has its genesis in the gut. That’s a big leap for a brain specialist to take, to recognize that south of the foramen magnum are things happening that influence the brain. We now fully understand that the set point of inflammation in the human body is dictated by the very bacteria and other organisms that live within the gut. It’s a very sobering notion for myself, as a neurologist, and others, it’s a sobering notion for dermatologists to recognize that inflammation of the skin is, in fact, mediated by the gut. That inflammation in the joints, the province of the rheumatologist, mediated by the gut. That diabetes is an inflammatory disorder, as is cancer, as is obesity. When we get to the source, which is the gut lining, which is maintained by healthy balance and diversity of the gut bacteria, then we begin to understand why number one, changes in the gut bacteria and loss of diversity can threaten the gut lining, and number two, how that leakiness of the gut, or permeability, then mechanistically leads to inflammation. The cornerstone of basically every degenerative condition you don’t want to get.

 

So, it really calls to our attention the need to focus on one word, and that is diversity. That the diversity of the organisms that live within us, is absolutely on the front center of the stage, in terms of what we need to preserve, and also what we need to expand if we’re going to have a handle on these really severe global health conditions that we call chronic degenerative conditions.

 

Dave: I had arthritis in my knees when I was 14. I had strep throat every month, because I lived in a basement with toxic mold that we didn’t know about, so I took antibiotics pretty much monthly, for a week or two every month for 15 years. That might have had an impact on my microbiome. Just saying.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: Might have. Let me tell you, one course of antibiotics will change a person’s microbiome for the rest of his or hers life. That’s a very sobering notion when we revisit what I just mentioned, and that is that therefore that changes the bacterial diversity, reduces the diversity, and sets the stage for leakiness of the gut, the cornerstone of all inflammatory conditions. Including arthritis in a teenager. Kids shouldn’t get arthritis. Yet, it’s happening. We should then explore what is it that’s compromising diversity, and for purposes of your audience, what in the heck can we recommend to reestablish this diversity, and therefore limit inflammation? That’s the take home message here.

 

Dave: That’s the big question. There’s a lot of scientists out there who sit up high on their lofty things and look at epidemiology and proclaim things, and there’s absolutely nothing actionable or useful. I feel like they must be science trolls. I’m just going to sit here and say, “I don’t like this, I like that,” whatever. But, what are we going to do about it? You’re writing books. Here’s the program that tells you what to do and I want to talk about specifically what our general audience should do. Then I want you tell me what I should do. Should I be eating my son’s poop? It sounds disgusting, but fecal bacterial transplant things are becoming successful. So, we’ll get into that stuff. I wanted to go back because what you’re saying matches all of the research I just did for my mitochondria book. It is inflammation. It’s always been inflammation. You control that and things work better.

 

But, at the same time, you’ve got some guys who are pretty … At least on paper they look pretty good, like David Katz, who’s this guy from Yale, but he looks only at epidemiology. So, basically looking at spreadsheets as far as I can tell. He said something that I thought might actually be a compliment, and I’m looking for it in my notes here. He said that, quote, “Perlmutter is way ahead of any justifiable conclusion.” This is a field of science, epidemiology, which I think has probably poisoned Americans more than anything else, because you look at what data you can get from large groups of people, even if the data is completely useless, like a lot of it is, and then you draw conclusions, and then you tell people to do stuff on that, without understanding the underlying mechanisms at all. It’s like a Ouija Board for nutrition.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: Let’s explore that, because it’s really interesting topic. To get to the specifics of Dr. Katz’s commentary on my work, he was specifically, in 2013, responding to the fact that Grain Brain had come out and was really focused on the notion that sugar and carbs are threatening to health in general, and specifically to brain health, and how validating it is that just earlier this week, front page of the New York Times, results from a study JAMA internal medicine showing the level of conspiracy that lead us all to the notion that fat is bad and sugar is good, that began in the late 1960s, and was highly influential in actual peer review medical publications from such journals as the New England Journal of Medicine. Frankly I feel a great deal of validation, not only from that report, but all of the studies that are coming out that say hey, it isn’t fat. It was never fat. It’s sugar and carbs. We can talk about the mechanisms on and on, and frankly a vis-a-vis earlier conversation, sugar is profoundly detrimental to the diversity of the gut bacteria, and yet another mechanism whereby diets higher in sugar, relate to this mechanism of inflammation.

 

But, was I ahead of my time? Yep. Thank goodness.

 

Dave: We need that.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: What epidemiologists do, is they look at populations and issues within those populations, and also at the same time look at disease processes within those populations. They might say that, men who have a crease in their earlobe show an increased risk for coronary artery disease. Well, we happen to know that’s true, but it doesn’t necessarily mean that the creasing in your earlobe is going to give you a heart attack. This is causality conclusions as opposed to things just being related.

 

Dave: Should I cancel my surgery to have my earlobes removed?

 

Dr. Perlmutter: No, but it brings up a good point. Let me even be more dramatic. Here’s an observation, that it seems to me, that whenever it’s raining, people are driving around with their windshield wipers on. It doesn’t mean that if I go around and tell people to turn off their windshield wipers, it’ll stop raining. We have to be very careful about drawing conclusions about causality when we see these relationships. I respect that. However, in my field, in neurology, we often don’t have the luxury of waiting for a double blind placebo trial for people with Alzheimer’s and Lou Gehrig’s disease, when these studies may take 10, 15, or 20 years to be validated and published. We owe more to our patients, and as I began seeing the literature in the past five to ten years that strongly correlated elevated blood sugar, for example, to risk of Alzheimer’s disease, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, September 2013.

 

Dave: That was without the $50,000 fee that got the sugar research published in the New England Journal of Medicine?

 

Dr. Perlmutter: Right. Here’s an article, here’s a study, among many many studies, that showed, for example, people who had even mild elevation of blood sugar to like 105, which no one’s going to get excited about, these people followed for about seven years, had a dramatic increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. I thought that was damned important, that I go beyond what is typical, and publish a book talking about this, and warning people to regulate their blood sugars. You bet I did. Now, turns out that we were right. Have I been wrong about things? Of course I have been in the past. Twenty years ago I wrote a book that talked about lowering your dietary fat for Multiple Sclerosis. In fact I was very wrong about that. I’m going to continue to be wrong moving forward, but I’m also going to continue being right from time to time. Hopefully the right decisions are going to outweigh the wrong decisions. That’s the beauty of what we do, that we stay current and we modify our recommendations based upon current science. Am I criticized for flip flopping? I’m not running for public office, you can take it or leave it.

 

That said, the idea that there is bias in what is reporting in peer review journals is valid, and I think we’re really learning all about that. But, there’s no hidden agenda here. We’re not selling anything. I’m just giving people the best advice, as I see it today. There’s two things you need to bring about change. You need knowledge and then you need action. As it relates to your health, I’m doing my best for the former, to provide people, what I think, is the best information; that is, we need more dietary prebiotic fiber, we need to reduce our carbohydrates, we need to get rid of our sugars, and we need to welcome healthful fat back to the table, and we need to exercise every single day. You and I will talk about why that’s important probably in a few minutes.

 

Dave: It’s really interesting. I had a chance to talk to Craig Vinter, the first human to have his full genome sequenced. I actually got my whole genome sequenced now, too, using the same data set. I asked him, “Given all that you’ve learned right now, what should we do today? Or should we spend another five years sorting through the data, and then just have pizza and beer in the meantime?” His answer was really telling. He said, “let’s sit down over pizza and beer to talk about it.”

 

Dr. Perlmutter: I sat down with pizza and beer, I didn’t have pizza and beer. I sat down and had lunch with him.

 

Dave: Oh you did? Cool.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: About a month ago in Nantucket. It was just coincidence, but I asked him a similar question as it related to Alzheimer’s disease.

 

Dave: What did he say?

 

Dr. Perlmutter: He said there’s really nothing that shows any of our lifestyle choices have any real bearing on risk. Here is a man who I revered. I talk about him in my lectures, about how he sequenced the microbiome of the oceans. It’s a really exciting story, but I was a bit disappointed in Craig … If you’re going to watch this, no love lost here, but I was a little disappointed because I knew, and I know, that there are powerful effects of certain lifestyle choices in terms of increasing or decreasing a person’s risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Having said that, I am that person. My dad passed away with Alzheimer’s.

 

I am that person. I deal with it on a professional basis every single day, so I’m not faulting many people who really need to have dots connected in a very strong way before a statement is made. Do I make statements before there is that level of scientific certainty? I do based upon well backed up hunches, and here are the hunches: Cut your sugar, exercise, on and on. Ultimately [premum non noscerum 00:16:48] above all do no harm, I don’t see the harm in telling people you should exercise, cut your sugar, welcome healthy fat back to the table, use coconut oil, take some MCT oil, monitor your vitamin D level, make sure your magnesium level is adequate. There’s no downside, there’s only and upside. I’m not going to quit, we’re going to keep at this until we realize some change. Grain Brain is now in 27 languages, so we’re getting the word out, and it’s there for people who open their minds and want to embrace a notion that isn’t spoon fed to them based upon industry influence, which we just learned has been profound and going on since the late 1960s.

 

Dave: It takes a certain amount of courage because where you are is, you’re working with patients, so you’re on the front line. What happened to me, when I was in my mid 20s, I was fortunate. I had made $6 million that I lost a couple years later, but I’m like I’m fat, I’m inflamed, I’m tired, my brain isn’t working the way it used to, and I am scared for my life. I don’t know if I’m going to be able to eat … I don’t know if I’m going to be able to eat in two years because I bought disability insurance, for God sake.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: Wow.

 

Dave: Not a lot of people under 30 do that. I can feel that something is slipping away. If someone was like I’m doing research in 20 years, maybe we’ll know something. I think the expletives I would have chosen at the time, because my brain was inflamed which makes you angry, would have been long and carefully selected. I would have basically f you, and I kind of said that to the doctor who offered me nothing, except that vitamin C could kill me. When you’re dealing with someone like your dad, who is dying, the do no harm … I’m sorry, if you’re going to sit there and be like let’s wait until we’re 10,000% sure, you actually are doing harm. Because, we know the direction things are heading. You owe it to a patient to say, “Well, we don’t know but this might work.” Do it for a couple months, because it’s unlikely to kill you. Hint: you’re already on your way to dying and life sucks in the meantime.

 

That, though, takes courage, because there are more than a few people who’ve had their medical license put on the line, and often times they keep it by saying the standard of care is based on 20 year old science. It wasn’t working for this person so I did something else. Often times I saved their life, and yeah I took them off gluten, and magically two weeks later their brain wasn’t inflamed and they were happier. So thanks for being courageous and standing up, and doing that. I think it’s cool.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: You have to do it. Ronald Reagan said that status quo is a Latin term for the mess we’re in. It is. We have to have outliers in order to move the ball down the field. If we’re all parroting the same notions, then there’ll be no progress. Now we learn that this hallowed gold standard peer reviewed medical journal has been feeding us BS for 40 years, it’s breathtaking how pervasive is the notion that we should have our whole grain goodness and don’t worry about sugar, but the real culprit is fat, most people still cling to that. Not most people, but a lot of people still cling to that idea, and hey, I still am criticized on Amazon comments about my books, that oh if you increase your fat you’re going to die like Dr. Atkins died. Dr. Atkins died because he slipped on ice and cracked his head. [crosstalk 00:20:20]

 

Dave: There’s a clear association. For guys named Atkins, who eat a high fat diet, the odds of them dying by hitting their head … So high fat diet causes you to hit your head. It’s just epidemiology.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: That’s right, it’s correlations versus causation. There’s never been a study that says that compared … Took two people, one was a placebo and one was a control group, the placebo got a parachute and the intervention group got no parachute, and they both jumped out of a airplane. So, the conclusion is that maybe, if you wear a parachute, you’re likely to survive jumping out of an airplane. No one’s ever done that study, but I think we all agree it makes sense.

 

I think the balance of information that we have now allows us to say that it makes sense that sugar is bad news. That hidden sources of sugar are ubiquitous in our culture. It’s not just sugar per se, through the mechanisms of insulin and insulin sensitivity reduction, and leptin sensitivities reduction, and all the things that sugar does; glycation of our proteins, etc. We now look at the higher sugar and carb diet through the lens of the gut bacteria, getting back to our original topic, and the profoundly detrimental effects in terms of reducing that diversity that we need to have in the gut bacteria brought on by diets high in sugar, or even worse, brought on by artificial sweeteners. Explaining now, finally, why it is that people consuming artificial sweeteners have a much higher risk of obesity. On the outside that makes no sense whatsoever, where you’re drinking a couple of liters each day of a drink that has not a single calorie, not a single gram of sugar, and yet you’re getting fatter. Israeli researchers looked at that and they did human and animal studies, and they found that the reason is squarely with the changes occurring in the microbiomes. In fact, took their study to a crossover between animals and humans, induced the microbiome changes in humans by giving them artificial sweeteners, transplanted their stool in the laboratory animals, and even the laboratory animals suddenly got fat with no change in their diets.

 

Dave: Who? I haven’t seen that study.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: When we’re done I’ll send it to you. It’s really interesting. Beyond that, the other relationship with the artificial sweeteners that’s so absolutely, fundamentally related to the changes in the microbiome is this incredible increased risk of type 2 diabetes in people consuming artificial sweeteners. Makes no sense. Hey, I was drinking Coke, but now I’m drinking Diet Coke and I’ve increased, I’ve doubled, my risk for type 2 diabetes. It all settles back with the changes in the microbiome. We’ve got to make some … We’ve got to screen this information out because people are truly under the wrong impression here, that getting off sugar sweetened drinks in favor of artificial sweetened beverages is a good choice. It is not.

 

Dave: What if someone says, “I don’t have a lot of artificial sweeteners, once or twice a week I have a piece of gum full of Nutrasweet and sucralose and acelsulfame potassium,” and all these other things. How big of an impact is that going to be? How often does it need to be dosed. I would say, for God sake, you get neurotoxicity from this stuff. Never allow it in your body, but a lot of people … They’re somewhere else on the curve for that. How bad is a single dose?

 

Dr. Perlmutter: I don’t think anybody knows. I think that … There is what’s now described as orthorexia, where people are so involved in eating the right and excluding the wrong foods, that they go bonkers.

 

Dave: That’s crazy.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: There comes a point. Is there a little bit of sugar in the 85% dark chocolate that I have every day? There is. I’m sure there is. I think that … Why do you need to chew gum? Why do you need to alter your mouth microbiome? Give it up. Or, if you have a piece of gum, okay. Enjoy it. Deepak Chopra once said something in a lecture I thought was really compelling. He said: Look, I’m not telling you that you have to quit smoking today if you’re a smoker, but what I do want you to do is the next cigarette that you have, I want you to go outside, sit down in a chair, and spend time with your cigarette, and connect with your cigarette. That was profound. So many people that are smoking are on the phone, they’re on the computer, and whatever. They’re not really relating to the fact that they’re doing that thing, smoking a cigarette, which we would mostly agree is not a good thing for your health.

 

I think when people begin to connect with what they’re doing, I think it has more traction in terms of making lifestyle changes. I’ve often said that we tell women when they’re pregnant: Oh, be careful now because you’re eating for two. Well I would say that what we should be saying to everyone, male and female, pregnant or not, is that we’re all eating for 100 trillion, meaning that the foods we consume have a huge influence on the health and the diversity of the microbes that live within us. When we start looking at our food and other lifestyle choices through the lens of the gut bacteria, and the role of the health of the gut in terms of inflammation, then our food choices become really, really important.

 

Dave: As I’ve gone through the research for the new book, that I’m just finishing on mitochondria, I’ve changed the way I view the body. I want to run this past you, and it’s okay if you totally disagree, and you might. Just for the audience, we haven’t talked about this so I haven’t set it up. I used to agree with what you would say there, about eating for 100 trillion, because you’re eating for these gut bacteria, but inside almost every cell in the body, there are at least 1,000 mitochondria, and up to 10,000 in other ones. These are essentially little bacteria that, from one perspective, our cells harness the bacteria hundreds of millions of years ago to make energy in our body.

 

Or, where I ended up after writing the book is that hundreds of millions of years ago, some bacteria got together and realized that they should have mobile petri dishes called cells, so they moved in and they made cells, and then they stored some of their stuff in the cell nucleus, and today we’re walking petri dishes for a quadrillion bacteria called mitochondria. Yes, they make power. They also tell us how much inflammation we’ll have. They tell us when our cells live, when our cells die, and all sorts of other amazing things. Because they’re bacteria, they talk to other bacteria. We know bacteria do that. They do it all the time. So, you’re actually eating for a network of bacteria, whether they’re the ones in your cells or the ones in your gut. They shine little femtosecond lights back and forth at each other, and they signal each other that way. A lot of my core motivations come from bacteria making sure they get fed, but it’s not my gut bacteria. It’s me. What do you think about that view?

 

Dr. Perlmutter: Well, as a matter of fact, in Brain Maker and in my new book that’s coming out, called The Grain Brain Whole Life Plan, I include mitochondria as part of our microbiome.

 

Dave: Awesome.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: I think they’re neglected, and I think when you look at mitochondria they are bacteria. They have a circular DNA that’s not the 23,000 that comes from mom and dad. It’s true, they regulate the pre-programmed cell death nuclear genes, called caspase enzyme, that code for caspase enzymes. I reviewed an interesting article just this morning that talks about how dengue virus is able to manipulate the mitochondria to reduce the activity of interferons to help them propagate through, and cause more inflammation. There’s a very interesting interplay. When Lynn Margulis, in 1968, came up with this idea that mitochondria were once free living bacteria that took up residence in what would become eukaryotic cells, her thesis was rejected by 15 peer reviewed journals until, finally, the Journal of Theoretical Biology decided to publish it. Old habits die hard. People are pretty much down on what they’re not up on. Now, of course, this is considered pretty straightforward and dogma.

 

But, I would agree with you that we should embrace this bigger number in terms of the organisms that are influencing moment to moment our life, and we are basically a carrier vehicle for this huge meta organism, made up of these microorganisms. The phages within the body, these phage particles, outnumber [inaudible 00:29:21] to one. We talk about bacteria and other microbes outnumbering our cells ten to one, and we’re just beginning to explore the role of these phage particles in terms of regulating gene expression of other viruses, of bacteria, and perhaps even of our own cells. No objection from me. I’m right there with you.

 

Dave: Are we going to get there in your lifetime, to the point that you think we’ve got this solved? Like, wow it goes down to these subatomic particles, these atomic particles, all the way up. You don’t think [crosstalk 00:29:52]

 

Dr. Perlmutter: No. We are in the place right now of taking the one step backwards in order to take the two steps forward. We’re having to retrace our cells away from the germ theory, and that’s going to take a lot of doing. Medicine has pretty much been focused on this notion of germs … Just the word germ connotes negativity, from the outstanding work of Dr. Louis Pasteur. There’s no derogatory sense in my statement, but that said most germs in our bodies are there to help us. We’ve got this beautiful symbiotic relationship giving them a nice warm, dark place to live and feeding them, in turn they are making our neurotransmitters, making vitamins, regulating inflammation, controlling the set point of immunity, controlling our appetite, our metabolism, our regulation of sugar. The list goes on and on, and that’s what we get back from them.

 

This relationship’s been going on for a long, long time. It all begins at the beginning, when we’re born and we’re inoculated, or anointed with this information in the form of the bacteria in the birth canal. That’s a highly conserved mechanism as well, that is seen in mammals that are born through the birth canal. But, also in reptiles and birds and insects and mollusks and even sponges. We’re talking about a mechanism of transferring genetic information through the carriers, the carriers of this information being bacteria, that has a very, very long history, a very highly conserved and we have to respect that. It takes us to the conversation about what happens when we bypass being born vaginally, when we have a cesarean section. We now know that there are lifelong consequences of a C-section. C-sections save lives, I’m not knocking it, but I think that when we recognize that becoming obese as an adult, risk of that is dramatically increased if you were born by C-section, your risk for celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, ADHD, autism, all dramatically increased in kids born by C-section. I would suspect that if a study were performed who would also see a significant increase in Alzheimer’s disease in C-section babies.

 

That said, one third of all births in America happens by C-section, depriving that child of the initial microbes that he or she needs to form the seeds of his or her future microbiome.

 

Dave: Where are the David Katz’s of the world with that statistic? Because, that is epidemiology, but it’s such a big a fact. This was in the very first book I ever wrote, the Better Baby book, if at all possible, deliver vaginally, if not have a sponge in your vagina and get the bacteria on the baby. Lonna and I did that, we delivered both of our kids vaginally. I caught them both. But, even when the kids were first nursing there were special probiotics on the nipples. It matters.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: It matters dramatically.

 

Dave: Why do we have such a high rate of this in the US?

 

Dr. Perlmutter: I would say mostly it’s defensive medicine. Truly, with all due respect, a third of births in America are C-section and it’s been estimated that 10 to 15% might require it because of medical necessity. It’s a matter of convenience. There’s a myth that women who have already delivered by C-section must, absolutely, have their next child by C-section. I think that, to call it like it is, doctors worry about issues that could occur, that might threaten them with respect to malpractice. All of these things conspire, and I’m not faulting anyone. The notion of putting a sponge in the birth canal, then taking it out … I talked about that in Brain Maker, was originally work done by Doctor Maria Dominguez-Bello at NYU. She actually published an article last week, in the journal Nature, where, finally, they’ve added a really significant level of science to the notion that there is a transfer of meaningful bacteria.

 

They were able to sequence the DNA of the stool of the baby at various points during his or her first month of life, and those kids who did not get the sponge from the vagina over their faces after birth, versus those who did, and found that there is a strong representation of mother’s birth canal bacteria in the baby, at least during his first, or her first, month of life. What people do by transferring those bacteria seems to be very, very effective. She talked about it kind of as a proposal a couple of years ago, but now she’s validated her work. It’s very exciting.

 

Dave: There are many people listening to the show right now who were born with a C-section or took antibiotics a lot, and they should be going: Wow, okay, I’m not going be putting no vagina sponges on my face. Besides, timing matters, doing it as a baby versus an adult, are totally different things. What are the things that, based on your experience clinically and all the research that you look at and that you perform, that you might want to do to have better gut bacteria?

 

Dr. Perlmutter: Just to phrase this for everybody, Dave Asprey, you and I are having a talk. You’re talking to a neurologist dealing with things like Alzheimer’s, ADHD, autism, and we’re talking about gut bacteria. It’s a bit of a stretch. Just wanted to reframe that, because even I sometimes have to take a step back. I think first we should talk about preservation of the gut bacteria. Starting with birth. If you can opt for vaginal delivery, you should do so, and here’s why. We’ve covered that. I think so much of what people do these days threaten their gut bacteria. I mentioned over usage of antibiotics. Not just taking them when you have a sniffle, but the antibiotics we are exposed to in the foods that we eat. The fact that glyphosate, the active ingredient in Round-Up, is patented by Monsanto as an antibiotic, so much of our food has residues of glyphosate, meaning we’re consuming antibiotics when we eat those glyphosate treated foods. Which include wheat, even though wheat is not GMO, because it allows the wheat to ripen more quickly. Along with corn, soy, etc.

 

Even so many of the commonly used medications that people think they must take are related to dramatic changes in the microbiome. For example, what are called the proton pump inhibiting, or acid blocking, drugs that Larry the Cable Guy tells us we’ve got to take. Frankly, we don’t need to be doing that. We don’t need to be suppressing stomach acid, by and large, so many people are taking the Pepcids, the Prilosecs, the Zegerids, all these drugs that change the pH of, not just the stomach, which has its own set of consequences, reducing B12 absorption, effecting enzyme activity, but also changes the pH for the entire rest of the gut, where are friends are living in their neighborhood, our bacteria. So, there are dramatic changes that happen in the gut bacteria when people are taking these drugs. That increases their risk for a potential … For death from, what’s called, clostridium difficile infection, or C. diff, which kills about 30,000 Americans each year. As we just learned from the Journal of Neurology, actually Journal of the American Medical Association’s specialty journal called JAMA Neurology, in February of 2016, a study that looked at over 70,000 individuals and followed them for five and a half years, found that those individuals taking these proton pump inhibitors, these acid blocking drugs, had a 44% increased risk of developing dementia.

 

Dave: Wow.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: Dementia is an inflammatory disorder related to the gut. The article speculated that maybe it has to do with compromising b12 re-absorption, or absorption, etc. We know that a lot of our folate in our bodies, or folic acids, made by bifidobacteria. The points is when we change the pH, we change the bacteria and there’s hell to pay. A study from Stanford last year, demonstrated that there’s about a 16% increased risk of myocardial infarction, another inflammatory issue, in individuals taking these drugs, and that death from MI is doubled if you happen to be taking those types of drugs; which you see advertised on the evening news. They show a video of somebody can’t eat food, a certain thing, a sausage sandwich or some food that he shouldn’t be eating anyway, but you take the magic pill, you can eat whatever in the heck you want. You can eat crappy food and end up looking like Larry the Cable Guy. I’m probably going to get an email from somebody anyway.

 

The point is those are dangerous drugs. The non-steroid anti inflammatories, and of course the antibiotics. We’re just beginning to see the data that’s looking at long term effects of drugs in terms of their side effects that may be related to changes in the microbiome. So, what’s the good news? The question then is: What can we do to reestablish diversity of bacteria in the gut and pave the way for better health and reduce our risk for inflammatory issues like coronary artery disease, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, cancer. I think the first thing is we’ve got to focus on the diet. We need a diet that has a dramatic reduction of sugar and carbohydrates, much, much higher in fiber and specifically prebiotic fiber. That’s the fiber that nurtures the gut bacteria.

 

A recent study in the journal Nature, was published by the Sonnenburgs, a husband and wife team at Stanford, and they looked at the effect of fiber, prebiotic fiber, in laboratory animals in which they first measured the gut bacteria, then deprived these animals of prebiotic fiber. The diversity of organisms bottomed out. But, was able to be restored when they resumed prebiotic fiber. So, that’s good news for us. What they also demonstrated, I think that’s pretty compelling, is that with succeeding generations that ability to rebuild a good microbiome and have better gut bacterial diversity, was less and less, to the extent that ultimately some species didn’t come back. They became extinct. It’s a good lesson for all of us as we see generation after generation, what’s going on with the health of Americans.

 

Change in the diet and adding in good fat, but most of all prebiotic fiber, prebiotic fiber rich foods, are those like jicama and dandelion greens, garlic, onions, leeks, asparagus. These are foods that have lots of prebiotic fiber and will nurture the gut bacteria. Eat fermented foods like kimchi and cultured yogurt, that contain good bacteria. Get a high potency probiotic. All important things. What we’ve recently learned is we’ve seen research that was just published that shows a significant increase, or relationship rather, in gut bacterial diversity in comparison to individuals have a high max V02. What this study looked at was, it took 20 or 30 younger individuals, and they weren’t necessarily all great athletes but they measured their max V02; means here they are on the treadmill with the mask and they’re measuring how much oxygen utilization is happening. The higher the max V02, the better cardiorespiratory shape you’re in. They compared that to the diversity of the gut bacteria, and they found a very strong relationship. Those individuals who had the best max V02, in other words the best cardiovascular conditioning, had the highest level of bacterial diversity.

 

Dave: Wow.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: Does it therefore mean that exercise is good for you because it’s going to increase your max V02 and therefore your gut diversity will increase? I’m not going to say that’s the conclusion that the authors were able to draw, but I’m going to tell you I think it does. Therefore that’s why aerobic exercise is important. Maybe a David Katz can go ahead and criticize me for that now. Have at it, that’s fine, we’ll talk in five years. I think we’re going to see, soon enough, the interventional trials, where they take people, measure their gut bacteria diversity, and then put them on an aerobic program, and then measure them x period of time later and see what changes have occurred. I think we’re going to be surprised. Meanwhile, until that comes out, I’m saying: Yes, let’s do some aerobic exercise. I could be wrong but, hey, what’s the harm? It’s a balancing between those things that are damaging our microbiomes and those lifestyle choices that will increase our diversity and help the microbiome.

 

Dave: There are people listening now going: Exercise, what the heck do I do? I hear high intensity. I hear low intensity. I have some new recommendations on this as well. When you talk about aerobic exercise, how hard, how long, how often? What is your research lead you to be on that?

 

Dr. Perlmutter: Well, I would probably look at the research from Dr. Kirk Ericksen at the University of Pittsburgh, who was one of the pioneers in looking at the effect of aerobic exercise on, what we call, neurogenesis, the growth of new brain cells. He has recently published a new study, that hammers home the notion that aerobic exercise, through the mechanism of epigenetics, in other words, changing our gene expression to amplify the expression of a protein called brain-derived neurotrophic factor, or BDNF, that tells the brain: Hey, grow new brain cells. Turning the switch to give yourself stem cell therapy and grow new brain cells where you need them most in your brain’s memory center, the hippocampus.

 

I think the conclusion there is what they’ve looked at, is it turns out to be nothing more than about 20 minutes of aerobics six days a week. You can take one day off. That’s what my current recommendation is. I think the question would be: What constitutes the right level of exercise? That really varies depending on the person, his or her condition, what medications they may be using. I think that in these days of Fitbits and other technology, people in working with a well trained athletic counselor, or even a physician who’s schooled in this, can learn to use that technology, or the devices in the gym, that’ll tell you, for example, your heart rate. You can develop what you want to target for that 20 minute period of time. As a very broad rule, I tell people to go for 180 minus your age, do that math. That’s a ballpark, very crude, way of looking at what you should target. That’s different for me, I generally run a pretty low pulse rate. If you’re taking medication, like a beta-blocker or calcium channel antagonist, your pulse rate will be lower. If you’re out of shape, you don’t want to target such a high pulse rate. If you’re in tip-top shape, your target rate’ll be higher.

 

The other mechanism that’s amplified during aerobics is your body actually creates more free radicals. Dangerous free radicals is actually a good thing, because that, indeed, is also what we call an epigenetic signal. When we create free radicals, there’s a sensoring system in the body that says: Woah, we’re doing stuff, we better crank out the production of antioxidants. As you’d expect, more free radicals, we have to have a mechanism that says: Hey, we need to quench that fire. That is a pathway called the NRF2 pathway that is activated when we exercise, when our bodies produce more free radicals, also activated by broccoli, taking lipoic acid, and [acetylcysteine 00:46:34], various herbs, and briefly

 

Dave: Oh you’re going to say it?

 

Dr. Perlmutter: I’m going there. Talking to Dave Asprey, why would I not? By drinking … Go ahead, say it.

 

Dave: You say it man [crosstalk 00:46:47] Go ahead.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: Anyway, I have been saving it for this moment, a prop. Coffee, turns out, is a powerful activator of the NRF2 pathway. Meaning, that it tells the body it’s got to increase it’s production of glutathione and other antioxidants. It’s got to reduce the production of inflammatory mediators through its role in what’s called the NF-kappaB pathways. These things are not just there so we can tinker with them with drugs, it’s been how we have survived. That’s how we have to look at the recommendations that we’ve made. Basically say: Well, what’s allowed us to get to where we are today? What have we been doing for 2.4 million years that allowed us to be healthy and survive so that you and I can have this conversation? Over the past 2.4 million years, we basically used fat, and to a lesser degree protein, as a calorie source, and didn’t burn carbs, though industry looks like it tried to pull that one over on us. We finally caught them this week.

 

Humans have survived on basically seeking out fat. Dead animals, eating bone marrow, is what allowed us to survive. It’s a hugely wonderful way of energy, it’s highly efficient. When we burn fat, our production of free radicals is reduced, as opposed to when we burn carbs and simple carbohydrates, sugar, as a calorie source. This notion that, oh your brain needs glucose. Hashtag whatever hashtag you want. That just ain’t the case. When you look at the research from highly respected individuals like Dr. Veech, I know you know his work. It turns out the brain thrives in an environment where ketones are prevalent. In fact, even the FDA has approved a medical food that doctors can write as a prescription for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease that increases the availability of these fats that we call ketones.

 

I’m preaching to the choir here. This is basically what you’re going to get when you’re either eating coconut oil or MCT oil, it’s basically amping up ketosis in your body. The thing is, doing that is, and this is a really important point, you can drink all the bulletproof coffee you want. You can do what Mary Newport says and be eating coconut oil day in and day out, and I’m encouraging people to do that. But, it’s not going to work if you’re still eating sugar, because preferentially you’re going to burn the sugar and not do exactly what you’ve been talking about. Not convert your body to a place where it’s grateful for, and happy to utilize, these ketones as a primary energy source. I’m all in favor of bulletproof coffee, coconut oil, etc. This is the way to go. I do it every single day, but if you’re not cutting your carbs, you’re putting yourself at risk for more serious problems.

 

Dave: About three years ago, I synthesized ketone esters in my lab. For people who are listening to this, and also heard the interview with Dr. Veech on Bulletproof Radio, this is a way of artificially raising ketones dramatically. The probably was they were $30,000 a kilogram, so I don’t know how to commercialize that.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: Are you sure that’s what you were synthesizing in your lab and you’re selling it by the kilo?

 

Dave: [crosstalk 00:50:23] white powder with tape and it was carried by donkeys. No. It was ridiculously expensive and I had a little tiny vial of the stuff. I know that Dr. Veech is talking about ways to do this. Do you see a day where we can just pound some ketones and be done with it, and we’ve got all the ketones we need?

 

Dr. Perlmutter: No, because I think that we welcome the fact that certain foods that do, in fact, have carbohydrates in them, are doing us good. When the very foods that I recommended earlier are fiber rich, but basically carbohydrate, fiber being these polymers of glucose and fructose. The actual benefit of these prebiotic fibers is because they are basically polymers of sugar, of fructose. The more complex they are, the more benefit they are to our gut bacteria. For example, acacia gum, from the African acacia tree, is a very complex polymer of fructose that our gut bacteria love. You can buy it in the health food store. The other thing to consider is, being talked about, and I think it’s very relevant as per our conversation of inflammation, in going to a diet that’s lower in sugar and higher in fat, we will therefore stop signaling our bodies that winter is coming. Meaning, we don’t have to store this adipose tissue, this visceral fat that makes our bellies big.

 

In a recent study, I think it was in March of 2016 this year, in the journal Neuroinflammation. Think about that. There’s a journal called Neuroinflammation, how cool. They called attention to the relationship between visceral fat … In terms of how it communicates to the brain, and it does through these specific chemicals that are called adipokines, adipo meaning fat, kine meaning they have activity, and you’re familiar with some of these. Tumor necrosis factor alpha a cytokine, adiponectin, and even leptin, which has a role to play in controlling our appetite. These are chemicals manufactured in our body fat that cross the blood brain barrier and have dramatic effects upon the brain. It really is an interesting way that body fat is then looked upon as an endocrine gland. It’s more than just a storage depot for calories for the winter that never comes, but it’s influencing our behavior, our appetite, and certainly influencing inflammation. Inflammation, a very important cornerstone, again, for these chronic degenerative conditions that are, according to the World Health Organization, the number one cause of death in the world, now surpassing infectious diseases.

 

Dave: That is profound, when you think about how little that is accounted for in the recommendations you hear almost everywhere. I’m still, in my head, stuck on this idea around exercise increasing microbial diversity in the gut. You showed me the study two days ago and I’m like: That is the coolest thing I think I’ve ever seen! I did a lot of digging. I talked with exercise physiologists, guys, and there isn’t that much nutrition plus exercise academically. It seems like there’s a little bit of a firewall there a lot of times. The guys in the sports science department aren’t necessarily walking over as much, they are in the last couple years, and talking on a really deep level on nutrition neurology side. It’s coming together.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: It’s so slow. I can’t wait around for it. I’ll take my lumps. You’ll take your lumps. I’m hoping that people see we’re trying to light that single candle and, we do have to curse the darkness from time to time.

 

Dave: When I talk with those guys there’s, I believe, a shift happening. Mark Sisson was on recently, talking about … I was wrong, an Iron Man athlete, and I was training with age minus 40. It turns out I needed to do high intensity … Like a sprint once a week, but the rest of the time I needed to, almost, go for a walk. Very slow exercise. Where I’ve shifted, and I want to vet this with you, not to debate the merits of either one, just to understand your thinking behind this. I’ve shifted this … You should for 20 30 minutes a day, move around. Go for a walk, but it doesn’t need to be like I put on a leotard, it doesn’t need to be as aerobic as I would have thought it would have been ten years ago. Because, just going for a walk for half hour a day in a study, increased … Jeez, was it mitochondrial density or mitochondrial performance? It was one of the two … By 68% or up to 68% depending on the people, in 12 weeks. It doesn’t, maybe, need to be as intense.

 

Because, for people listening, few of them other than the most hardcore, are going to … I’m going to put on my exercise gear, I’m going to go for my 20 minute run, I’m going to go take a shower, but almost everyone can go for a 20 minute brisk walk, while they’re on a conference call and get some sunshine while you’re at it. It’s kind of a good deal. Do you think that that heart rate is terribly important for the microbial diversity or [crosstalk 00:56:00]

 

Dr. Perlmutter: As fate would have it, here’s a terrific book. I’m not [crosstalk 00:56:05] death bound. It’s great. And what a talks, terrific guy, is that we’re just sitting on our butts too much. It’s really true when you think of the number of hours in the day that you’re doing your stuff on the computer and you’re doing this and that. That’s does not emulate what our ancestors did. If we’re trying to emulate that, we’ve got to be up and about and doing things. I think that it’s very, very relevant. Now we’re seeing desks that come up and you can stand at your desk, or sit on a ball that you’re moving around on. I think that it’s called sedentary sickness. The fact that people think that they’re going to pound that exercise and get it all in, and then spend the rest of the day sitting on their butts, doesn’t work that way. I totally agree with you. I think that we’re just beginning to unravel these epigenetic signals that are changing our gene expression for health, or not, based upon our lifestyle choices.

 

Beyond that, now, we’ve had a discussion of the changes in the human microbiome based upon our lifestyle choices. Not just food, but exercise as well. The third leg of the stool is sleep. I think we’re at the very nascent stage of understanding the role of sleep in physiology, in general pathophysiology. Also in terms of changes in the microbiome. We see a dramatic increased risk of Alzheimer’s, and other forms of dementia, in people who have issue with sleep disorders. Either sleep apnea, or other issues. In my new book I talk a lot about, go have a sleep study. No big deal, spend the night at a sleep clinic. Put on the pulse oximeter, have your EKG monitor, and just make sure because it’s the … Some of these things require a little appliance in your mouth or who knows what, but it’s a big issue. We’re supposed to sleep and we’re supposed to sleep deeply. A lot of people aren’t.

 

One of the simplest things that we have found related to insomnia, difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, poor sleep hygiene and early morning awakening, is having low magnesium level. Which is found in about 60% of Americans, because we’re eating food that’s depleted in trace nutrients, trace minerals. That’s a simple thing to check. I’m a big proponent of choosing magnesium rich foods, dark green leafy vegetables, nuts and seeds, etc, broccoli, and using some form of magnesium supplementation. Because, it helps people sleep, it reduces inflammation, and magnesium is a critical co-factor for what you were just talking about, and that is mitochondrial function. How we allow our mitochondria to make energy from the very fatty acids that are presenting to them.

 

Dave: It’s fascinating because I’m a huge fan of a good night’s sleep, and I also believe fundamentally, and this’ll piss off half the audience, I would like to be able to not sleep, if I didn’t want to, without paying a biological price for it. Sometimes I’m having too much fun and I just don’t want to go to sleep. I’m willing to own that. I still go to sleep, at least most of the time. If I don’t, I take protective measures as best I can. I think most people we know that are listening, have pulled an all-nighter once or twice and felt crappy for a couple days. But, they still pull the all-nighter because it was worth it. One of the biggest things that makes a difference in your sleep quality is mitochondrial function. If you have your power plants in your cells, if you have enough energy to rebuild things when you’re asleep, you can rebuild better and you’ll probably need less sleep to get the work done.

 

There’s some studies about that that I’ve referenced in the last book, but what I found, and this has actually radically shifted my understanding of magnesium and something that is a pretty substantial change in the recommendations. There’s a circadian timing, in other words the daily ups and downs of magnesium, and the time of day when magnesium is the highest in our cells. Magnesium, like you said, it makes mitochondria work. It’s highest at noon. So what I started doing is I take 80% of my magnesium with my bulletproof coffee in the morning. I just took a handful of magnesium pills. Then I take 20% at night, because you want to have magnesium for sleep quality, but you want to follow the daily rhythm, so then at noon when you’re supposed to have the most magnesium presence in the body, you can. No one knew this until last year, a study had come out, and no one had ever thought that minerals might move on a circadian basis that dramatically. I’m with you on magnesium, but I shifted my timing, both to enhance sleep, but also to maybe have more energy in the middle of the day. Is that going to affect my gut biome? This is pretty cutting edge stuff.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: It’s a good question. What we do know is that, for example, proton pump inhibiting drugs also have a dramatic effect in terms of magnesium and can lead to hypomagnesemia or low levels of magnesium. What you say is very interesting that magnesium does peak out [inaudible 01:01:26] during the middle of the day. I would suspect there may be a little bump in the nighttime too. It emulates, this is brand new science, it just was published about 3,000 years ago, it emulates the Vedic texts that talk about the three doshas: Vatta, pitta, and kapha, and pitta being fire. That does peak out in the middle of the day, but also peaks out in the very middle of the nighttime as well. There are three doshas, but then they vary twice a day, like the tides, in most places.

 

It’s interesting to consider that, but your intracellular level of magnesium depends upon your total body availability. I think that, because our foods are grown in such trace mineral depleted soils, that we’re just not getting the magnesium that we need. Frankly people who are going to watch this podcast are going are going to run to their doctors and say: I’d like you to check my magnesium level? please understand that your standard blood test for magnesium is about useless. What you want to ask your doctor to do is simply what’s called a red blood cell magnesium level, or erythrocyte magnesium level, because it gets back to what you just said and that is: We depend upon magnesium inside the cell. Again, it’s a simple blood test, most common labs will do that now, but your typical serum magnesium level tells you virtually nothing.

 

Dave: It’s so important. Red blood cell minerals are what I look at to know whether my body’s getting it. Who the heck cares if you went swimming in something if it didn’t absorb through your skin? That’s kind of what’s happening in your blood stream, right?

 

Dr. Perlmutter: How we work really depends chemically moment to moment on the function of the enzymes in our body. Bodies that allow things to come together, things to be broken down, energy to be harvested, DNA to be made. More than 320 of our enzymes in our bodies are fundamentally magnesium dependent. It’s just another argument in favor of checking. It’s a simple test. It’s right there for me with vitamin D as being on the very top rung in terms of its importance and, unfortunately, one of the most overlooked parameters in modern medicine. Vitamin D and magnesium, so critically important, so very, very simple, so very inexpensive, and yet, not getting the legs that it really needs.

 

Dave: I appreciate you doing all of the work like that. The number of books that you’ve written to get this information out there, because waiting another 30 years to see if science maybe gets there, where they’re going to agree with you … I’m planning to remain young and youthful for the next 30 years.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: From what I heard longer than that. I heard something about 130?

 

Dave: 180 is my goal.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: 180, okay. I’ll meet you there. I had a head start.

 

Dave: Here’s the cool thing: Maybe I won’t make it, but I’m going to feel really good along the way. That’s what really matters, but I might make it. I think I have a real shot, assuming a piano doesn’t fall on my head.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: Health-span versus lifespan. I’m with you on that. I’m going to be 81.

 

Dave: No.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: I am, 20 years from now, but …

 

Dave: Oh, I was like you can’t be 81.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: I’m going to be 81

 

Dave: Absolutely. For people listening, the number of years is really important, but if you’re last 30 years you have Alzheimer’s disease, there not going to be as good as they could be if you’re actually dating someone half your age. I say that jokingly, but I’ve run an anti-aging non-profit research and education group called Silicon Valley Health Institute for almost 15 years. One of our board members, Mike, was 88 years old and he literally was dating a 35 year old. He wasn’t some lecherous old man, it just kind of happened that way. He was one of the smartest guys I know, an SRI researcher, incredibly full of life and vibrance and focus and mental cognition. Where, when I’m 88, I want to be like Mike was because it was incredibly inspirational for me to see that you can do it. If you don’t take the steps when you’re 25, you’re much less likely to get there when you’re 85. I just wish someone had told me that when I was young and fat that I would have known what to do, I wish I would have had access to your books when I was 16. Because it would have made a difference.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: I hear you, and we all had early life transgressions that we wish we could undo, but I will say that the longer people wait to really engage in their resolutions, the harder it’s going to be. I see people at our gym that let themselves go, and now are back with a trainer and God bless them for trying. The message is that [inaudible 01:06:18] the Yellow Emperor in the fourth century BC said that, “Prevention is the ultimate principle of wisdom. To cure a disease after it has manifest is like digging a well when one feels thirsty, or forging weapons when the war has already begun.” That’s the message here. Am I 100% right about exercise and low carb and increasing dietary fiber and fat? I’m probably not.

 

Dave: It doesn’t matter. [crosstalk 01:06:45]

 

Dr. Perlmutter: Maybe 80%. We’re certainly not categorically wrong. We do know that this is, on the risk benefit scale, we’re looking really good. My message will change in the years to come. The next time I sit down with you, there’ll be nuances of difference. That’s a good thing because it’s evolution. It’s not stagnation.

 

Dave: Given all of the new findings that are coming out, and the new findings in Brain Maker, which is a book that I highly recommend. People listening, you should read Brain Maker. It is a really good book. Given all that stuff, I’m going to ask you the same question I asked you last time you were on Bulletproof Radio, but I want to see if you change any of it. Someone comes to you tomorrow, and they say: I want to perform better at everything I do in life, by the way that includes aging, but I want more of all the things I like to do. What are the three most important pieces of advice you’d have for me?

 

Dr. Perlmutter: Let me answer the question by indicating that I actually wrote a book to answer this questions. It’s my new book, it’s called The Whole Life Plan. I have to preface my answer by telling a little story. In March of this year I was going to get my teeth cleaned, in my car … They weren’t going to clean my teeth in the car, but I was in my car going to get my teeth cleaned. I got a text message from, which I shouldn’t have answered in the car but, gratefully I did, from a friend saying come to the ER, Mike is dying. What that meant to me was that Mike was my closest friend. He married my wife and me. He’s our daughter’s Godfather. I turned around, went to the ER, and went into where he was in the emergency room, and found that Mike was on a ventilator. I asked the family to step out of the room and I examined him, and he was brain dead. Had a massive bleed into his brain. We kept him on the ventilator for the next 12 hours in order to let the family members arrive from around the country. Then around 11 o’clock at night, after everyone had been with Mike, I went into the room with the respiratory therapist, we took the tube out of his throat, and he passed away.

 

I didn’t feel so great the next day. That evening I went out to dinner with my wife and daughter. I didn’t feel well when I got home, and then I felt really bad. Probably the worst I’ve ever felt in my life. I vomited all over the floor. It was a horrible experience. The next morning we got a call, I felt a little better, from Mike’s wife saying: Look, we’re going to have a memorial service. Collect up the videos and pictures, and I looked at a video that, Mike and I were in a band and we had opened for Richie Havens at a benefit fundraiser. I watched the video of him singing Can’t You See. I then had to sit down on the couch, I didn’t feel well at all. My wife looked at me, and I must have not looked good, and she said: I’m going to take you to the hospital. Can you imagine? I said: No you’re not. She thought I was being stubborn. I said: No, you need to call an ambulance. Which was astounding.

 

The ambulance arrived. I was in [florid 01:10:10] atrial fibrillation, my heart rate was 180. They took me to the hospital and they couldn’t break it. They gave me intravenous medication. Here I am, back in the ICU, cardiac ICU on telemetry. The medicines weren’t working. My heart was just out of control. They’re charging up the paddles to shock me back into rhythm. Everybody left. Visiting hours are over. I then had a conversation with a nurse who was taking care of me. He was explaining things about his life and caring for me and adjusting the IVs. I suddenly felt this overwhelming compassion and gratitude for this individual. This just happened in March. At the moment that I had this feeling come over me, my heart converted to sinus normal rhythm, then the rates started to come down to normal. Later that evening I was able … I kept checking over my back shoulder to see my heart rhythm was good. The rate was getting slower and slower, because, as I mentioned before, it’s generally pretty slow. I still had a lot of medicine on board to further slow it.

 

I finally fell asleep around 4 o’clock in the morning. I woke up and I looked at the heart monitor and I was flat line. I had no pulse. There were no alarms. I closed my eyes. I thought that, well, this is how it is. Or, maybe, maybe, I’m dreaming. I closed my eyes and I opened up my eyes again, and I was alert. There was no one in the room. There was no noise. I said I’m obviously not dreaming. I guess … What happens now? Maybe one of the leads came off. So I traced all the leads from the monitor to my heart and one of them had popped off. I clipped it back on and beep beep, beep beep. Back in the game.

 

Dave: This is why doctors are terrible patients, by the way, right?

 

Dr. Perlmutter: Yeah. It’s a good thing anyway. Ultimately I convinced the nurses to take out my IVs, at five six o’clock in the morning. They got me unplugged. By the time the cardiologist came in, I was doing yoga … Here I am in up-dog on the floor in the ICU and he said: Well, I guess that means you want to go home. I said: I really do want to go home. He said: You can go home. Directly home from the ICU. How often does that happen? He said: But, you have to come back for a stress test and an echo and the whole … Which I did. God, I’m on the treadmill and I’m at 180 and they call the … Because I’m cranked, it’s inclined. They call the doctor in and he said: Are you all right? I said: I feel great. Bring it. He said: You got a good heart, everything’s fine.

 

To answer your question, it was a long way to get to the question of gratitude.

 

Dave: I knew it was going to go to gratitude. Yes.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: I think that is the most important feeling that we can actively, not only understand, but choose to participate in. Recognize those moments day in, and day out, for which gratitude is the call to action. In that gratitude, recognize that giving back is a form of demonstrating gratitude. I’m going to put at the top of the list. I don’t know how I answered your question before, but I’m going to put gratitude at the top of the list. I think it’s the most healthful experience that humans have. Beyond that, exercise, cut your sugar, eat more fat, all of the other things we know are good. It was an experience that really was so good for me in terms of recognizing the importance of the kindness of others, and how compassion should rule the day. We see so little of that these days, and we see what’s going on around us in terms of compassion and goodness. So, my hope is that if that’s the plea here, and that’s what will resound.

 

Dave: I love that you answered it that way. It reminded me of one of my favorite quotes is a Mr. Rogers quote. He talks about when he would see disasters and car accidents and things on TV, his mom would look at him and say: Look for the helpers. Every time you see these big, terrorist things, there’s always right there in the video frame. There’s always people coming to help. In your case you had a nurse who was a helper. But, they’re always there. You can frame the world as it’s so terrible. Or, look, something happened and people immediately came to help. It changes your biology when you do that. It matters. Your gut biome changes. I know very well if you measured before and after, your gut biome would have shifted.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: I will tell you the mechanism. The mechanism is really quite simple. We know that cortisol has an immediate and direct effect in terms of change in the microbiome, and increasing permeability. This is not out there. This is actually very straightforward. When we bombard ourselves with stress, and choose to see the disaster and not the helpers, we increase our cortisol, we change our microbiomes.

 

I had an experience in an airport, I think it was Dallas airport recently. I got off the plane, I was walking to get to the baggage area with my wife, and there was a place on the left side where they would change your money. Currency exchange, from one country to the other. I noticed that the woman who was in the booth, running the booth, had a headscarf on. I felt myself respond negatively to that, because of news and all the craziness that’s going on. I realized that all that influenced my perception and I immediately tried to reframe that, knowing through neuroplasticity the changes could work on more adaptive pathways and strengthen those. To look upon that individual with love in my heart. What’s happening right now is we’re seeing people are getting … Their minds are changing, their perception of the world is changing, based upon seeing the disaster, not seeing the helpers.

 

Dr. Michael Merzenich, who I believe you’ve interviewed.

 

Dave: He’s going to be doing a course with us, actually.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: Wonderful. He really calls to our attention the notion that we choose to sculpt our brains. As such, it becomes the mechanism by which we then see the world. We choose to sculpt our brains based upon what we are exposed to, and how we choose to frame the experiences that we have. As Mr. Roger’s mother, a great sage, once told us to look for the helpers. It works through a very complex mechanism of neuroplasticity. For those who need to connect the dots from a very mechanistic scientific perspective, that’s how it works. But, we have got to realize we can change our perception, we can make this glass absolutely half full.

 

Dave: I’m glad we didn’t lose you to a broken heart. I mentioned my friend Mike, who was 88, his kids were in a horrible car accident and he was gone a month later, of a broken heart.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: After I had this event, I did, as you would expect, the literature research correlating stress and onset of atrial fibrillation. It was, as you would expect, vast. We take these as important life lessons. I think there’s a lot of good to looking at these as instructive, as seeing the helpers not the tragedy. I think if I hadn’t had so much love for Mike in the first place, then his passing wouldn’t have affected me. Really what happened to me is I spent the night as a neurologist, not as his friend and as a human. Finally the next day it hit me as his friend, that I had lost him. I hadn’t processed it. There was a time that I had to function as the physician, and I didn’t give myself that moment to grieve appropriately. I held on to Mike until the moment that I converted back into normal heart rhythm. I held onto him because I felt this thing happening to me. Good experience. I think it’s made me a much better person.

 

Dave: What did you do for the nurse?

 

Dr. Perlmutter: I wrote this about him. I expressed this to him. We spent the night together in the ICU and had conversations that were very, very empowering for both of us. Turns out that he had performed CPR on his brother, who passed in his arms. What I did for him was, I guess, to allow him those moments to really connect with those experiences in his life. This was one of the most profound experiences in my life, for sure. Do I say that I’m glad that it happened? You bet I do. You bet I do.

 

Dave: I’m really looking forward to reading that book. When does it come out?

 

Dr. Perlmutter: November 15. The Grain Brain Whole Life Plan. I’ll get a copy to you right away.

 

Dave: I’d love to read it. I think listeners will too.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: It’s based on the premise that Grain Brain and Brain Maker talked about why, and then the new book talks about how. How do you implement what … Now that you understand it all, how do you exercise? How do you ensure sleep hygiene? How do you balance your magnesium level? How much DHA vitamin D should you take? What should you do from a dietary perspective? It’s really now the action plan that works for me, and I think is substantiated. Hopefully it’ll work for may people.

 

Dave: We might be wrong by 10%, but it’s a hell of lot better than what you’re doing now.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: I’m there.

 

Dave: That’s the direction. Thanks, Dr. Perlmutter, for being on Bulletproof Radio. Where should people go to find out more about your work? You’re an easy guy to find, but what’s your favorite url?

 

Dr. Perlmutter: Facebook. David Perlmutter MD. My main blog page is drperlmutter.com.

 

Dave: Have you started snapchatting yet?

 

Dr. Perlmutter: I should, but I’m instagramming and tweeting. I guess I should Snapchat. When does it all end?

 

Dave: I started. I’m David Asprey on Snapchat, and it’s time consuming but it’s kind of fun. There’s only so many hours in the day, like you’re saying.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: I do these live videos, interactive videos, with our Facebook population. Those live forever, but, as opposed to Snapchat, you can go back and look at the Facebook videos into perpetuity if, in fact, that’s true.

 

Dave: I’m with you there. Well people know how to find you on Facebook now, and they know how to find your books. Brain Maker is the latest one, and you’ve got a new one coming out in November. Tell me the title of the new one again.

 

Dr. Perlmutter: It’s called, The Grain Brain Whole Life Plan. It’ll be published one week after the presidential election. Think about that.

 

Dave: Sounds like a very good time. We’re going to need something, because what else will we distract ourselves with?

 

Dr. Perlmutter: True. Thanks Dave, I sure appreciate it. I had a wonderful time.

 

Dave: Thanks again. If you enjoyed today’s episode, you know what to do. Head on over to iTunes and leave a rating. This was a fantastic interview, if I do say so myself. I appreciate Dr. Perlmutter took the extra time. Just leave us a review. Give us five stars and say thanks. That’s a small way you can show gratitude, which, as we just explained, will help your gut biome. Have a beautiful day.

 

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SARMs: A Potential Way To Build More Muscle

Performance-enhancing drugs are a touchy subject (just ask Lance Armstrong). Many people consider them cheating, and the most infamous varieties can be seriously dangerous – steroids come to mind.

The last ten years have given rise to an exciting new class of performance-enhancing drug. It’s a collection of compounds called selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs). The limited research on SARMs looks promising so far. They appear to build muscle and burn fat at a level comparable to steroids, but without the ball-shrinking, liver-destroying, unsightly body hair-growing effects. They act on your hormones, but in a very targeted way, and they show potential if you want to rapidly build muscle and shed fat. 

[readmore title=”Do SARMs really work? Learn more about their benefits and side effects”]

That said, many SARMs studies are in rats, and there haven’t been any long-term human experiments looking at the safety of SARMs. There could be side effects we don’t know about yet. Playing with your hormones is risky. At the very least, though, SARMs are interesting compounds that merit discussion.

SARMs fall firmly into the realm of experimental biohacking. These are riskier than most of the hacks I talk about. This article presents both the good and bad sides of SARMs. I hope it helps you make an informed decision about whether or not to try them.

Disclaimer: SARMs are on the World Anti-Doping Agency’s list of banned substances for athletic competition. If you’re a competitive athlete, you shouldn’t take these. If you’re a curious self-experimenter looking to upgrade your physical performance, though, SARMs may be worth considering. 

How SARMs work (and why they may be better than steroids)

Using steroids to boost your hormones is like trying to tweak a microchip with a sledgehammer. Steroids help you build muscle by increasing testosterone, which then increases protein synthesis in your cells, building muscle and burning fat. That’s considered the anabolic side of steroids, and it’s great.

But steroids also interact with your liver, your prostate, your heart, your sex organs (which leads to ball shrinkage in men and clitoral enlargement in women), and your secondary sex characteristics (voice depth, body hair growth, man boobs, acne, etc.). All these side effects are the androgenic part of steroids.

The issue with steroids is that they have an anabolic-to-androgenic ratio of 1:1. That means they are just as likely to, say, shrink your balls or enlarge your clitoris as they are to build muscle – unless you’re taking bioidentical testosterone to maintain optimal hormone levels, with a doctor’s careful supervision (I’ve been doing this for years and I’ve never had side effects. You can read about hacking testosterone here). 

This is where SARMs innovate. They’re far more selective than steroids, boasting anabolic-to-androgenic ratios starting at 3:1 and going as high as 90:1. That means you can still get muscle growth and fat loss, but SARMs won’t give you man boobs or turn you into the bearded lady. You can also take SARMs orally. No need for injections.

SARMs are also legal, as long as you buy them “for research purposes only.” You’ll notice SARMs retailers include disclaimers like “for lab research purposes only” and “not for human consumption.” They do this in case laws change, so they don’t get in trouble with the government.

There are about a dozen SARMs in either clinical (human) trials or pre-clinical (animal) trials. This article will cover pros and cons of the most popular ones. Again, this is a little more out there than most of the biohacking I discuss. Proceed at your own risk.

With that in mind, let’s talk about the first SARM on the list: MK-2866.

MK-2866 builds muscle and burns fat

With multiple published human trials under its belt, MK-2866 (also called ostarine) is one of the best-studied SARMs. Those studies found powerful results, too. Ostarine shows no meaningful side effects and is very effective at building muscle. 

Elderly men and women who took modest doses of ostarine for 12 weeks grew 3 pounds of muscle and lost a pound of fat, with no changes to diet or exercise [1]. Cancer patients saw nearly identical results along a similar timeframe [2]. There were no side effects in either study.

A pound of muscle a month is about what you would expect with a solid workout routine – but the people taking ostarine in these studies weren’t exercising. Combining the two would be even more powerful, in theory. Pretty impressive.

Side effects of MK-2866

The studies found no side effects. Anecdotally, however, people report short-term testosterone suppression when they take high doses of ostarine for 8-12 weeks. Testosterone rebounded to normal levels within a couple weeks after they stop. The dosage I discuss below is far lower and for a shorter amount of time, but there’s still a risk of short-term T suppression, and possibly other side effects researchers don’t know about yet.

How to dose MK-2866

There haven’t been official dose recommendations for SARMs because they’re so new. The doses in this article are all conservative, and based what on studies and anecdotal reports show to work. 

For ostarine, online communities report results at 15-20mg daily for 4 weeks. Time of day doesn’t matter. To be cautious, take at least 4 weeks off so your system balances out before starting another cycle. Ostarine, along with the other SARMs on this list, seems to pair best with regular exercise like lifting and HIIT. 

LGD-4033

LGD-4033, also called Ligandrol or Anabolicum, is one of the better studied SARMs. It’s been through multiple human trials, with interesting results:

  • Healthy men who took LGD-4033 for 21 days saw a significant increase in lean body mass. The only side effect was short-term testosterone suppression (more on that in a second) [3]. One milligram per day was enough to cause significant muscle growth. The higher the dose, the more muscle participants put on.
  • In another trial, participants took doses as high as 22 mg/day with no side effects or safety issues [3].
  • In rats, LGD-4033 increases bone density, muscle mass, and sex drive, without damaging prostate or liver tissue [3].

LGD-4033 does not appear to stimulate fat loss, so if you take it on its own, it won’t make you leaner – just more muscular.

Side effects of LGD-4033

LGD-4033 will probably suppress your natural testosterone production a bit while you’re on it, although the effects seem to be short-lived [3]. Study participants saw T suppression dependent on dose, but none of them dropped out of the healthy testosterone range, and levels returned to normal within 3 weeks after they stopped taking LGD-4033.

That said, you may want to skip this one (and SARMs in general) if your testosterone is low. Consider biohacking your testosterone instead.

How to dose LGD-4033

Users report success taking 2-5 mg of LGD-4033, in a single daily dose, for 4 weeks. It seems that the higher the dose, the more muscle you put on, and the more your testosterone dips. Some people take up to 15 mg per day for much longer timeframes, but that’s riskier. You don’t want your natural T production to tank entirely. Once your 4 weeks are up, wait at least a month before starting another cycle. 

GW501516 

GW501516 (Cardarine) doesn’t have any published human studies. In rodents, though, it shows great promise as an exercise mimetic – it lights up many of the same genes you’d activate by going on a run or lifting [4]. That alone wasn’t enough to make much of a change, but when researchers had mice take GW501516 with consistent exercise, results went through the roof:

  • In mice, GW501516 combined with 4 weeks of regular running increased running time by 68% and running distance by 70%, and doubled overall muscular endurance [4].
  • In rodents, GW501516 plus exercise increased mitochondrial growth in muscle by ~50% [5], allowing muscles to generate more power without fatiguing.
  • It also decreased fat while preserving muscle (again, in mice) [4].

GW501516 could be a powerful way to improve performance and shed fat while maintaining muscle. Hopefully human studies will come out soon.

Side effects of GW501516

Shortly after it was classified as a performance-enhancing drug, reports started coming out saying that GW501516 caused cancer in lab rats.

But as with most substances, the devil’s in the dose. Studies did find that GW501516 is carcinogenic…but the rats were taking the human equivalent of 2400 mg a day for 2 years straight [6].

That’s about 240x a normal dose, taken every day, for 104 weeks instead of 4 weeks.

The studies found no evidence that GW501516 causes cancer at a dose you would actually use, or even at doses considerably higher than that. Other rat studies report no side effects, and people in the online SARMs community report none either, including no testosterone suppression. Again, though, that doesn’t mean there aren’t side effects. We may just not know about them. Proceed with caution.

How to dose GW501516

GW501516 works best if you split it into two daily doses. Try 5 mg, morning and afternoon, for a total of 10 mg a day.

Take GW501516 for 4 weeks, then cycle off for at least 4 weeks before starting another round. It pairs well with LGD-4033 and MK-2866. Here’s a good source.

S4

S4 (andarine) was the earliest SARM. It was popular in the 2008 Olympics, before SARMs were banned from professional athletics. Users report modest strength and muscle gain, as well as modest fat loss.

S4 seems to work best if you use it alongside other SARMs. It pairs well with MK-2866 and LGD-4033. Both suppress testosterone at higher doses, a side effect S4 can counter. But S4 carries unique side effects that may make it better to skip.

Side effects of S4

The big side effect with S4 is visual abnormality. There have been no official studies on it, but a lot of users report altered color perception and nighttime blindness (trouble seeing in the dark) after taking S4 for a couple weeks, because one of S4’s metabolites binds to receptors in your eyes. When you also consider that S4 is relatively weak, it begins to look less attractive than other SARMs on this list.

How to dose S4

If you do decide to take S4, go for 50 mg daily, split into two 25 mg doses. As with all the other SARMs on this list, take it daily for 4 weeks, and then wait at least 4 weeks before starting another cycle.

SR9009 for endurance and fat loss…if you inject it

SR9009 (Stenabolic), praised as “exercise in a pill,” seems like the perfect supplement. In mice, it increases endurance and fat burning, decreases inflammation, and stimulates the growth of new mitochondria in muscle cells [7,8]. Obese rats injected with SR9009 lost 60% more weight than rats injected with placebo, without changing diet or exercise.

Assuming SR9009 works in humans too, that sounds great. But the key part of the study is that rats were injected. Taking SR9009 orally is pretty much useless. It has about 2% oral bioavailability, and your system clears that 2% almost immediately [9]. Which is too bad, because most SARM manufacturers sell SR9009 as an oral supplement that’s not suitable for injection. They claim it works; studies show it doesn’t.

You’re better off spending your money on another member of this list, unless you find injection-grade SR9009 and are willing to stick yourself a couple times a day.

Final thoughts

Biohacking is about self-experimentation, and it often carries a bit of risk with it – especially if you’re trying cutting-edge things.

Because they’re so new, SARMs carry more risk than most of the stuff I talk about on this blog. This is a little more out there than eating the Bulletproof Diet or hacking your sleep. Proceed at your own risk, use your judgment, and listen to your body.

Have you tried SARMs? Are you going to start? If so, it’d be great if you shared the good and bad in the comments below. Thanks for reading and happy biohacking.

References

  1. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1007/s13539-011-0034-6/full
  2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4898053/
  3. http://biomedgerontology.oxfordjournals.org/content/68/1/87.full
  4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2706130/
  5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3936671/
  6. https://web.archive.org/web/20150504013406/http://www.toxicology.org/AI/PUB/Tox/2009Tox.pdf
  7. http://www.nature.com/articles/nm.3213.epdf
  8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3343186
  9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4347663/

 

5 Easy Biohacks for Your Spine, Brain, and Immune System

The weekend is the perfect time to experiment with your biology. You don’t have to invest lots of time or money into biohacking; sometimes small tweaks can make big changes in your day-to-day life. Here are five simple hacks you can try this weekend.

1. Sleep on the floor (yes, really)

If you suffer from back problems or joint pain, think twice before you invest in the latest orthopedic or pillow-top mattress. In fact, you might want to consider ditching your mattress altogether. [1]

All 200 species of primates experience musculoskeletal problems. But of all the species, we suffer way more of these issues than forest dwellers and folks who sleep on the ground.

Turns out that when you sleep on the ground, you intuitively find positions that can correct musculoskeletal imbalances causing lower back pain, knee pain, bunions, and more.

Think of the floor as your “automatic manipulator,” or nature’s chiropractor. The ground keeps your chest immobile, aligning your vertebrae and lubricating your joints.

One position to try on your floor or otherwise hard surface is lying on your side. Your lower shoulder should be hunched forward in a way that supports your neck. Alternatively, you can use your arm as a pillow. Your neck should angle toward the ground a bit, which will apply healthy pressure to your cervical spine. This way, your vertebrae stretch and realign with each breath.

If you’re not ready for the full floor transition, try rolling up your pillowtop or simply sleep on different parts of your mattress, rather than in the same spot every night. Or try ditching your pillows. Let your body lie in a natural, instinctual position and change sleeping postures often.

[Tweet “Ditch the Mattress: 5 Biohacks For Your Spine, Brain & Immune Health”]

2. Hack your posture and spinal alignment in minutes

Hours of sitting at a desk, in your car, and in front of the TV takes a heavier toll than you might think. Chronic sitting slowly tightens your muscles, especially in your hips and lower spine.

“Static back” is a simple pose that uses gravity to your advantage to realign your spine and reduce pain naturally.

This pose places your shoulders in line with your hips to allow the muscles in your lower back to release using your own body weight. Placing your head in line with your shoulders and hips releases the muscles in your neck and jaw. As your muscles release, the rotation in your pelvis and torso will begin to neutralize. This is big news if you suffer from back or hip pain or tightness.

How to perform static back: file-1

  • Lie with your back on the floor, your feet and calves elevated on a chair, table, or blocks, with knees bent at 90 degrees. The backs of your knees should be flush with the edge of the block or chair so the legs are fully supported. This is the only way that the muscles will be able to fully release.
  • Your arms should be in line with your shoulders, palms facing up.
  • Once you’re in position, take several full, deep breaths. No phones, no distractions. Take this opportunity to chill out.
  • Stay in position until your lower back and hips are settled flush with the floor. Or, you can set a timer for about 5 minutes. If your back and hips never settle to the floor, don’t worry. Just persist with this pose daily for 5-10 minutes at a time.

3. Fasting to stay young and rebuild your immune system

A recent study found that fasting on nothing but water for three days can do wonders for your biology. When you skip food, your body cleans house. It gets rid of damaged white blood cells and turns on stem cell growth to replace your whole immune system with a brand new model. The immune boost isn’t minor, either. Fasting for 72 hours was enough to negate the downsides of chemotherapy in cancer patients. The study also found that fasting inhibits PKA, an enzyme that may make you age faster. [2]

If you decide to fast this weekend, start your day with Himalayan pink salt dissolved into water. It’ll give you trace minerals and electrolytes and curb your hunger response. The first day is the hardest; after that you’ll switch into deep fat-burning mode and it’s relatively smooth sailing.

And if going hungry for three days isn’t your style, you can always do Bulletproof Intermittent Fasting. You’ll get many of the benefits of a short fast, without the hunger.

[Tweet “Try these 5 hacks to make easy, noticeable changes in your life: “]

4. Update your workout playlist for better performance

Listening to music during intense bouts of exercise can increase your enjoyment of the workout and the likelihood you’ll stick with your program. [3]

A recent study asked 20 young, healthy, fit male and female volunteers what their favorite music was and subjected them to a series of grueling sprint interval training (SIT) workouts on stationary bikes. All participants were new to this type of exercise. Workouts included a 2-minute warmup, followed by four 30-second bursts of really uncomfortable sprints, 4 minutes of rest in between. Two sessions were performed, one with and one without music.

Perceived enjoyment, attitude, and intentions to perform similar exercises in the future were measured after each session. Sessions with a soundtrack significantly increased volunteers’ positive attitudes toward the training and made it more likely they would repeat intense interval training in the future.

Presumably, listening to upbeat music will improve your performance and attitude toward your training regardless of the type of workout, so update your playlist and get moving!

 

5. Meditate with a friend

Everyone knows how life-changing meditation can be, but few people do it regularly.  It’s easy to think “I’m doing it wrong,” or “I’m not good at this.”

Here’s the thing: in the digital age, you get more stimulation than anyone in human history. Your brain isn’t used to quiet because it’s saturated with websites, TV, ads, music, podcasts, Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, bills to pay, work to do, and all the other trappings of a modern life.

Your brain freaks out when you remove all those stimuli. It doesn’t have anything to do, so it conjures up distracting thoughts and/or pop music lyrics to occupy the silence. It tells you you’re doing a bad job, or that you’re bored, or anything else to get the quiet to stop. But here’s the good news – the fix is as easy as it gets. Just let the thoughts happen. Fighting them pulls you out of meditation. Allow any thoughts or feelings to come and go. By noting them and letting them go, you are already meditating.

Another reason a lot of people don’t make meditation a regular thing is  that the results aren’t immediate. You usually start to feel the effects of meditation after doing it daily for a week or two.

So hack your accountability by getting a friend to meditate with you. You’re much less likely to skip days or quit when you have a partner. Bonus points if you choose a specific place to meditate – the beach, a forest, a quiet room – and meditate there together every day. Building that structure makes you more likely to turn meditation into a habit. You can also use a habit tracking app for further incentive.

All these hacks are quick and free. Why not give them a try this weekend? And if you liked this article, subscribe below for more ways to upgrade your biology. Thanks for reading!

 

 

References:

[expand title=”Click to read the complete list of references.” swaptitle=”Click to hide references.”]

[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1119282/

[2] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2016/03/12/fasting-for-three-days-can-regenerate-entire-immune-system-study/

[3] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27748159

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Cocktails Without Regret with Ariane Resnick – #358

Why you should listen –

Ariane Resnick is a special diet chef and certified nutritionist who develops accessible, organic farm-to-table recipes and creates indulgent, “normal” food out of impeccably clean, whole ingredients. Her first book, “The Bone Broth Miracle,” was released in May, 2015, and is an Amazon #1 best-seller and her second book, “The Thinking Girl’s Guide to Drinking,” is out today through Regan Arts! On this episode of Bulletproof Radio, Dave and Ariane talk about drinking healthy, finding your ideal alcohol, slowing down your drunk, recovering, clean drink ingredients, human’s history with alcohol and more. Enjoy the show!

Share your favorite quote on Dave’s Facebook post for this episode for a chance to win a signed copy of “The Thinking Girl’s Guide to Drinking.”

Bulletproof Executive Radio at the iTunes, App Store, iBookstore, and Mac App Store

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Follow Along with the Transcript!

[expand title=”CLICK HERE to read along with the transcript!” swaptitle=”Click to hide transcript”]

Click here to download a PDF of this transcript!

Speaker 1:      Bulletproof Radio, a state of high performance.

 

Dave:  You’re listening to Bulletproof Radio with Dave Asprey. Today’s cool fact of the day is that, get this, women tend to get drunk faster than men do. Like, who would have thought?

 

The obvious reason is that women are smaller than men on average, so less tissue to absorb the alcohol, so that would make sense. That’s just a dosing issue, but the other thing that’s interesting is that women tend to have more fat than men. There’s an obvious reason for that. It’s called boobs. They also have less water than men, so, not only are they smaller physically on average, but there’s more alcohol present in the bloodstream just because there’s less water, and women have less of an enzyme called ADH, or alcohol dehydrogenase, which is what helps your body get the alcohol out of the system.

 

Basically, for women more of what they drink enters the bloodstream as pure alcohol, and that’s why you’re probably a lighter weight if you are a woman, unless you drink like 5 or 6 days a week, in which case you’re probably not a lightweight because you’re an alcoholic. At that point, you’ve upregulated your ability to make that enzyme, but other bad things are happening to you biologically.

 

Before we get into today’s show, if you haven’t had a chance to try Bulletproof Unfair Advantage, you should give this stuff a try. Bulletproof Unfair Advantage is one of the most important supplements I’ve ever made. It can help you feel better when you are either going to get a hangover or after you got one, because Bulletproof Unfair Advantage is designed to help your mitochondria work better. Mitochondria make energy in your cells. When you’re hungover, you’re inflamed and your energy production is reduced, so you’ll feel better when you do that.

 

One of the things that I do when I do have alcohol, which isn’t that often, to be perfectly honest, but, if I do, I tend to choose an alcohol that has less unfiltered yeast product in it, in other words, I’ll pick a vodka or something or, if I’m going to drink a wine, which is an unfiltered alcohol, I tend to drink a wine that’s at least as old as I am or something, which is something that automatically prevents me from drinking a ton, but what is I will take a vitamin C capsule and I will take a whole ampule of Unfair Advantage. Vitamin C helps the liver to make glutathione and Unfair Advantage helps me have more energy, so I feel good when I’m drinking, and then, when I’m done drinking, I take a tube or half a tube, in other words, 5 doses of Bulletproof Glutathione Force, which raises glutathione.

 

What you can do here is you can help your mitochondria perform better and you can help your detox processes so things work really, really well. Even if you’re not drinking Unfair Advantage, which is something that I take every single day because it just makes me have more energy in a way that’s different than caffeine or even Brain Octane, it’s a different source of energy, it’s pretty cool, I’d like you to pay attention real quick. If you like today’s episode as much as I like today’s episode, and, yes, I’m putting this in at the end, would you do me a favor? Go to iTunes and leave some 5-star feedback. I’m going to ask you to do that at the end of the show, but just start watching out and just ask yourself, like, “Is this show worth my time?” and if it is, let me know. Just leave a review. It’s so helpful for me to know that you’ve enjoyed it. I appreciate it.

 

All right, let’s do this. Today’s guest is Ariane Resnick. She’s a special diet chef and a certified nutritionist who uses organic, farm-to-table, clean ingredients with a focus on restricted diets. She wrote the Amazon-bestselling The Bone Broth Miracle. Her new book, and the reason I’m interviewing her today, is called The Thinking Girl’s Guide to Drinking. Thus, the cool fact of the day. She’s a biohacker. She was at last year’s Bulletproof Conference, and I’ve just enjoyed getting to know her and to find that she really thinks interestingly about these things.

 

Ariane, why did you write a book about getting drunk for girls?

 

Ariane:            I’m a thinking girl, so it’s my perspective on drinking. [inaudible 00:04:08] a book for women. My first book, The Bone Broth Miracle, the most interesting aspect to the people who talk to me about it was the last chapter, which was bone broth cocktails. There are 2 elements of that that really captured people. One was the idea of using a whole food to mitigate some of the effects of alcohol, and the other one was the very simple fact that I drink. Like it really shocked people that I would promote alcohol as part of a healthy lifestyle, and it shocked me that it shocked people so much because I’m a human and we all do things for enjoyment no matter how health conscious we are, so I really wanted to show people that drinking can be part of a healthy lifestyle and it doesn’t have to be with really bland, plain cocktails.

 

The book is about 25% mocktails because I also wanted to show people that, if you don’t drink, you can still have a good time with an assortment of really health-promoting, fun beverages.

 

Dave:  Now, you said you promote drinking as part of a healthy lifestyle. Did you actually think drinking is good for you?

 

Ariane:            Small amounts of alcohol have obviously been shown to have health-promoting effects. I do not advocate drinking in the capacity of go-out-and-get-drunk-every-night by any means. What I do is work with what people are doing anyway. People drink. About 60% to 70% of the population consumes alcohol, so, rather than be a vigilante who says, “You shouldn’t do this. There are aspects of it that are bad for you,” I am a steady person who says, “If you’re going to do this, why don’t you do it in a way that doesn’t make you feel so bad and that you use some ingredients that help prevent some of those negative effects?” and that makes a lot more sense to me.

 

Dave:  You’re following a harm-reduction strategy for alcohol and not saying it’s good for you.

 

Ariane:            I mean, they’ve shown small amounts of different alcohols have health benefits.

 

Dave:  In some studies …

 

Ariane:            If you’re going to dink a glass of wine every other night, you have a 20% reduced risk of stroke. There are aspects of it that are healthful. It has toxins, for sure. I don’t have any vantage point of “forget about all that.” What I say is, “You’re going to do it because we’re human, and it’s okay to do things that aren’t 100% health perfect, but, if you’re going to do them, do them in a way that’s healthier.” Do them in a way where you feel great afterwards instead of terrible afterwards, and do them with fun, great, quality foods that you’re probably eating anyway.

 

Dave:  I agree with you on that point. This is an area where I’ve seen the alcohol industry, particularly the wine industry, fund studies and look at ways of saying, “Oh, alcohol is good for you. Like, we’ve got this study,” and then there’s about 1,000 PubMed studies that, if you just would Google alcohol and cancer and look at them in PubMed, you’ll find, okay, you’ve got a 20% reduction in stroke, but an increase in cancer, so I’m, like, “Look, yes, people drink, right, and they’re going to do it, so you might as well do it in a way that doesn’t harm yourself,” but I don’t want us to go down that path of telling people, “Oh, you should drink a little bit every day to prevent Alzheimer’s disease or some other BS like that. People say that and it kind of makes me mad.

 

Ariane:            I know some people who drink daily by any means. I don’t drink daily.

 

Dave:  Cool. I appreciate that. I just want to be really clear for our listeners because I’m, like, “Look, alcohol isn’t good for you,” but you might do it, if you’re going to, like, how can you make it so you get the fun? Pie isn’t good for you either, but I eat pie on occasion. It’s probably a gluten-free pie, but the same difference, right?

 

Ariane:            Exactly.

 

Dave:  Okay.

 

Ariane:            That is very much the point. There’s no part of this where I’m saying, “Start drinking more. It’s great for you.”

 

Dave:  Okay. Good deal.

 

Ariane:            That’s not the thing.

 

Dave:  Now, which is better for you, pie or alcohol?

 

Ariane:            Personally, I mean, I’d go for cake because I’m not a pie person. Pie is such a waste of flour. It’s not even sweet. Like, why are you doing it? Flour and butter, to me, just makes no sense without something to sweeten it, so pie is off the table for me.

 

Dave:  All right, I hear you there. You’re a cake versus … but you’d make a garbanzo cake, wouldn’t you? Aren’t you famous for your garbanzo cake? Isn’t that how you got hired?

 

Ariane:            That’s how I got hired for my first chef job. You have a great memory. Thank you.

 

Dave:  Oh, you’re welcome. All right, is there such a thing as an alcohol recipe with garbanzo beans, because our friend, JJ Virgin would jump up and down if she knew about that because she’s like Ms. Garbanzo Bean? Do you have a recipe for garbanzo alcohol?

 

Ariane:            You could use the bean aquafaba, the bean water that’s so popular nowadays for a vegan version of egg whites in a cocktail, and, yes, that is done.

 

Dave:  No kidding? All right, I am going to make one of those for JJ just to be garbanzoed. Thank you for the idea, by the way.

 

Ariane:            No problem.

 

Dave:  One of the things that I found really intriguing about your book is that you are mixing things that traditionally have no business being in alcohol, bone broth. I use collagen. We make bone broth at the Bulletproof Coffee Shop. We don’t have an alcohol license, and I don’t know that I would sell alcohol as part of the whole Bulletproof thing, but, if you were going to drink, how do you possibly use bone broth or collagen? Why would you put that in alcohol? It’s such a weird idea. By the way, I like weird ideas. That’s not a criticism. That’s a compliment.

 

Ariane:            I have in one of the chapters of the book, because it’s divided into chapters based on different whole foods, one of the chapters of the book is called College Plus Gin Equals Collagen. On the one hand, it uses foods that increase collagen production and, on the other hand, we recommend adding Bulletproof Collagen, a scoop to each drink, and then, if you’re vegan and you don’t want to do that, you’re still consuming things that increase collagen production. Every ingredient that I use in the book has health effects outside of alcohol, but also has specific effects that help mitigate some of the negative effects of alcohol. One thing that alcohol is known for doing is not making people age quite so gracefully.

 

Dave:  You’re saying alcohol makes you look old? Is that what I heard you say?

 

Ariane:            It’s not like people who have alcohol issues have a really youthful face. People who have any kind of issues don’t tend to have a really youthful face. By using foods to mix that are collagen-promoting foods, you can help reduce the lack of collagen that’s a result of the alcohol consumption, and then, if you don’t drink, there are mocktails that just help with collagen production, and you’ll look even better than all of those people who do.

 

Dave:  Now, why would people care about collagen?

 

Ariane:            The same reason that people would care about anything else, they’d care about collagen. You care about what will make you look and feel good. It’s our nature in this society at least. It maybe not out in the forest, but as far as where we are right now, we tend to care about how we look and we tend to care about how we feel.

 

Dave:  Now, alcohol reduces your level of glutathione in the body. Glutathione is this detoxing compound. Glutathione is made out of vitamin C and some other stuff, some amino acids and alpha lipoic acid and whatever. If you drink a lot, alcohol is going to reduce vitamin C and, since your collagen is also made out of vitamin C, your body is like, “All right, protect the liver,” which takes vitamin C, “or go ahead and build new tissues, like healthy blood vessels, healthy skin, healthy bones out of collagen,” so you’re choosing between one of the two, unless you do what you’re talking about in your book where you’re saying, “All right, well, you could take some collagen, so, then, you have the building blocks for collagen or use foods high in vitamin C,” or maybe just take vitamin C.

 

What are some of the foods, say, a vegan could put in their alcohol in order to have less of an effect from the alcohol?

 

Ariane:            In terms of collagen?

 

Dave:  Or just in terms of stuff you recommend, like, kind of walk me through it.

 

Ariane:            With the collagen chapter, we use things like white tea and blackberries. There are millions of options. The ones I focused on were the most accessible. Kombucha is available pretty much anywhere in the country now. I have a chapter on that. Chocolate and chocolate products, because most people really enjoy chocolate, and we use it as cocoa powder, both raw and the typical roasted, as well as chocolate extract and that sort of thing. Lemons and limes are kind of an obvious one. Basically, I went for anything that had at least one really strong aspect of either detoxification or anti-inflammation or anti-nausea or collagen promotion. I chose foods that had strong health effects in general, that also would play in well with the things we know alcohol does to our bodies.

 

Dave:  Okay, tell me the worst thing alcohol does to your body.

 

Ariane:            I think that’s probably opinion, but I would have to say the after-effects, if you don’t do it right, how you feel the next day. I mean, that’s everyone’s complaint. No one says, “I’m drunk right now and I’m having such a bad time,” unless they’ve had too much. For the most part, it’s a fun experience, and that’s why we do it. Obviously, you want to stop before you hit that point. I don’t in any way advocate getting drunk, and I don’t myself, and I haven’t since I was probably in my 20’s, when that’s what you do, until your body is, like, “No, no, you don’t do that anymore.”

 

Dave:  Okay. How do you feel afterwards? What is the single best food ingredient that’s going to reverse feeling crappy the next morning?

 

Ariane:            I definitely recommend taking caution before you drink, to pay attention to what you eat. Don’t have a whole bunch of refined carbohydrates so you’re on a blood sugar high and low cycle before you start adding alcohol, which is full of sugar into the picture. Eat proteins and fats and, if you want, carbs have fiber filled, sweet potato and that type of carbs, beforehand where you’re slowing down the absorption.

 

What you eat right before you drink is huge and what you consume along with what you drink. We have lots of drinks that have fresh coconut water in them. Because that’s great for a hangover, so why not have it with the electrolytes along with the alcohol? Ideally, you want to avoid the hangover situation. Period. With a drink or two in general, most people can. What I’m really doing is helping ensure that. Now, with a drink or two of this sort of thing instead of that sort of thing, you’re much more likely to just feel great the next day because we’re not using … There’s no refined sugar added to anything, there is no mixers with corn syrup. I mean, the mixing world on the non-alcoholic side is insane. The things they add to commercial products are just nuts, so we really avoided all of those.

 

Dave:  The best ingredient to mix with your alcohol to feel good the next morning is “caution?”

 

Ariane:            Yes, and “intelligence,” the thinking girl. That’s the point. Do this in a way … if you’re going to it, do it in a way that is a little bit smarter and that feels good and you still can have a good time. That’s the point. We’re very much here to have a good time. We need that. We need to de-stress. There are definitely more healthy ways to de-stress, and I do those as well, but there’s nothing wrong with using alcohol as an aid to have a lovely evening in a way that tastes good.

 

Dave:  What alcohol is the best alcohol to choose for a thinking girl?

 

Ariane:            I believe very much in listening to your own body. There are scientific studies that will say one thing is better than another. In my personal experience, I kept trying, while I wanted wine, to drink white wine instead of red because it’s supposed to be better for you. Unfortunately, white wine makes me unconscious. In about 30 to 60 minutes after a glass of wine I am just done and I can’t even generally be woken up, which is very much not the way I sleep, so I drink red wine even though it has elements in it that, for plenty of people, according to science, should affect them more negatively than white wine does.

 

Dave:  Like what? What’s in red wine that should make it … Most people think red wine is healthier than white wine. Like what’s the difference?

 

Ariane:            The way in which red wine is considered healthier is because of the resveratrol, but there just isn’t enough to … What do they say? You’d have to drink 50 gallons to get what you’re looking for out of a pill?

 

Dave:  I think the equivalent of probably 500 gallons worth of wine every day in the resveratrol and related compounds of polyphenols that I take, so, yeah, it doesn’t make sense. Why is white wine supposed to be healthier than red then?

 

Ariane:            I think that’s a question for you because you’re one of the big advocates of that.

 

Dave:  Oh, I am, but I just [inaudible 00:16:24] you wrote a book [inaudible 00:16:25] don’t want to give a lecture.

 

Ariane:            I wrote a book much more on how to choose wisely for yourself based on how things make you feel.

 

Dave:  Okay, so you look at how you feel?

 

Ariane:            Yes.

 

Dave:  That’s something where we have a lot of alignment on. My recommendations on white wine are that red wine tastes better, which is maybe something that’s vital, but that red wine tends to have more of the mitochondrial inhibiting toxins, particularly called OTA than white wine. The best choice, on average, for people is to drink a dry, white French wine, because they’re the best. I actually have some good friends at Dry Farm Wines. Go to bulletproof.com or bulletproofexec.com/wine. I have links to a low toxin wine.

 

You can drink a red wine instead of a moldy red wine. You can drink a non-moldy red wine, and I feel a very big difference because of the quality of the fermentation. Even there it’s like, okay, we like to tell ourselves red wine is red wine, but there are thousands of compounds in there, and that white wine is white wine, and I imagine that, if you were to waste 500 nights of your life by testing out a whole bunch of different white wines, you’d be, like, “Oh, my God, when I drink the 2008 white wine from this wine, this winery, I feel totally good.” Like, “This one’s clean and this one’s not clean.” Right? What clean means for you biologically might be different than for someone else.

 

Ariane:            Exactly.

 

Dave:  That is the confusing thing here, and then there’s the overall thing. Even if you don’t feel it, it’s probably not that good for you. There’s some compounds like mercury. Like, I don’t feel mercury right away or I don’t know that I feel it, but really, if mercury is in your wine, you probably ought to not drink that wine. Just saying, right?

 

Ariane:            For sure, or be intelligent about it and take chlorella with it or selenium.

 

Dave:  What do you recommend then for someone who’s, like, “All right, I decided that I want to drink something tonight. I have a choice. I can have tequila. I can have vodka. I can have champagne. You know, I can have beer.” Are you sort of like, “Well, just test them out so you know what makes you feel good?”

 

Ariane:            Typically, by the time people are looking at a cocktail book, they have an idea about alcohol. You definitely want to be intelligent about what you choose and you want to be informed about what you choose. When you say champagne, people should know, for one, even though it’s low in alcohol, it’s going to get you drunk faster because of the carbon dioxide. You want to put that in the context of what you’re looking for. Do you want a really short night? Are you looking to just share a bottle of something with a couple of people, have a great cheers, have a great moment, get a buzz, let it wait off for an hour or so and go home, or are you looking for something that you know your body tolerates a bit better and that you know you can mix with things that will help mitigate its effects and you want a longer evening?

 

We do things. A lot of the cocktails are, of course, tequila based, vodka based, gin based, hard alcohols, but we also do a lot of mixing things like sherry or port or champagne with non-alcoholic things. A lot of the alcohol cocktails are really low in alcohol, which is great for people who don’t have a high tolerance or just don’t want a ton of alcohol, but do still want a little bit of something.

 

Dave:  I hear you there. I’m thinking about all the times that I regretted drinking, and there are more than a few. Back when I was in college, and I was pushing 300 pounds, I remember I would drink beer. In fact, this was at UC Santa Barbara, and we had something called … I think it was Brew 102, like perfect after the 101st, and it was cheaper than buying Shasta Cola, like, the off-brand cola, so that was what college students would serve at parties. It was profoundly a bad beer. I drink this and, after 3 beers, I just want to go to sleep, so I’m, like, “What if you have 3 beers and 3 shots of espresso?” I’m like, “This is the best night ever,” and I literally would do that because I’m, like, “Wow, like, this is the perfect high for me.” Like, “Now, I’m full of energy and I’m, I’m drunk and I’m probably just like an asshole,” but this is more in retrospect.

 

Ariane:            Actually, one of the chapters is called Café au Stay-Up-Late. It’s coffee-based cocktails and …

 

Dave:  Totally.

 

Ariane:            … of course, I recommend that, if you are sensitive to caffeine, you use decaf, but there are also really good ones for the mocktail that are in the chapter because you can still get a buzz from caffeine, maca, He Shou Wu, that sort of thing, without the alcohol just because …

 

Dave:  You totally can.

 

Ariane:            … I love the idea that, just because you don’t want alcohol, it doesn’t mean you don’t want to have any sort of consciousness altering. You still may be looking for that, you just don’t specifically want alcohol. That’s another thing we use in the book is kava, which has grown in popularity a lot. It’s calming, anti-anxiety, all those sorts of things, but completely non-alcoholic. It’s just a root.

 

Dave:  Do you mix kava and alcohol together in a drink?

 

Ariane:            We only do that in one drink, and I did that because I wanted to offer people an option that really took away the negative taste of kava. I rediscovered in testing that alcohol can do that better than anything. It was an interesting experience to work with kava within the framework of trying to make it into something that people who didn’t necessarily drink kava would enjoy. If you’ve ever had it, you know what it tastes like.

 

Dave:  Yeah, that’s a challenge to make it taste good. It’s interesting, too, because alcohol activates some GABA(B) receptors. GABA is a calming amino acid neurotransmitter in the brain. For some people, the people who are chilled out about alcohol, they’re getting that action. If you stack it with kava, you can have a really nice night, right, and just … You’re may be having less alcohol, and the kava could be synergistic with that, but I agree with you there, it’s a challenge to formulate something with kava that tastes good other than a capsule where you just swallow it with a shot of vodka and then …

 

Is there a benefit to having alcohol mixed versus just drinking a shot of something and then, also, having the other compounds in a different beverage? Could you have some kava tea and alcohol separately? Why would you mix them other than flavor?

 

Ariane:            For effects, in general, is why we mix foods with the specific alcohols we do, for both taste and to simulate a lot of those classic cocktail flavors without using the harmful ingredients, because, often, it’s not just the alcohol that makes you feel sick, it’s all the sugars you add to it. The less you do that, the better you’ll feel. Everyone has different elements of alcohol consumption that bother their particular body. If you notice you have a yeast reaction to alcohol, having probiotics, and then we have also drinks with prebiotics and probiotics in them so that you’re feeding the probiotics. If probiotics help cancelling out the effects of getting rid of your good gut flora, then that’s a better choice for you.

 

Dave:  I have always loved the concept of Irish coffee, putting alcohol in coffee because the first product I ever made, it turns out, it was the first e-commerce product ever, was a T-shirt that said, “Caffeine, my drug of choice.” I was trying to pay for my college education, and I ended up as a 22-year-old or something being in Entrepreneur magazine for having sold this thing over this new thing called the internet that no one’s ever heard of.

 

Ariane:            That’s awesome.

 

Dave:  Every time I would put alcohol in my coffee, I would get the worst heartburn. It was painful. I spent a year on acid blockers a couple of years after that. Even to this day, if I put … I have a healthy GI tract, if I put alcohol in coffee, I do not like how my GI tract feels. Do you know why that is or how you counteract that?

 

Ariane:            I would think it would be the acid combination, because you’re not just having an acidic food, you’re having an acidic food with another acidic food.

 

Dave:  It could also be the heat just because it’s a hot beverage versus a cold one. I always thought that might be …

 

Ariane:            We do a bunch of cold brew ones, for sure, and we also combine it with things. Like we have one called an industry standard where it’s got Fernet and coffee.

 

Dave:  What is Fernet? That is the weirdest.

 

Ariane:            Fernet is … It’s called industry standard because that’s for mostly in San Francisco, but some other cities as well, that’s what everyone in the bar industry drinks. It’s a very strong herbal liqueur. It actually, during Prohibition, was able to bypass the Prohibition laws by them just putting it in hospitals because it’s that medicinal in flavor.

 

Dave:  It’s super bitter, right?

 

Ariane:            It’s bitter. It’s licoricey. It’s really herbal. I love assorted herbal liqueurs. We use a bunch of them in the book. It’s definitely the strongest one. For someone who has issues with the acidity of coffee with alcohol, it’s something that has an assortment of digestive aids, like Fernet is a great choice.

 

Dave:  A while back, I went and I saw this very sought-after acupuncturist. It’s a Korean form of acupuncture down somewhere in Beverly Hills, and 2 different functional medicine doctors are, like, “I don’t know why we need to see this guy?” so I went and I saw him, and he measures via tapping and … like things I don’t understand, frankly, but like he looks at the relative size of your organs and says, “This is what you should eat and drink.” This guy told me, “You need a lot of bitters,” and so I went out and I bought the most nasty, bitter things I could possibly find, including anise, which actually I kind of like, and, that stuff, that was illegal during Prohibition, just for our listeners.

 

I tried drinking these things. You know what? I had this like a half a shot a night, and I had the same effect if I drink alcohol in that it makes me tired. I’m like, “I don’t like this,” and I did it for two weeks and all I got was … weaker, I’m like, “This isn’t good for me,” and I quit doing it. If you know then, what are the reasons you might want to go for bitters, like a really bitter alcohol? What do they do for you?

 

Ariane:            Bitters in general are digestive.

 

Dave:  Exactly.

 

Ariane:            Those are great. We have a chapter called Don’t Be Bitter that is bitters-based, obviously. Those are great cocktails to choose if you’re going to drink really shortly after dinner because one of people’s biggest complaints about having alcohol after food is that they don’t feel the effects of alcohol, it just makes them feel bloated. To have a bitters-based cocktail after dinner, you’re going to help digest your food, which is a good thing to do anyway and, in addition to that, you’ll feel the alcohol a little more, which will make you drink a little less.

 

Dave:  That’s the kind of thing that I appreciate about your book, just having that, now, thinking about it, like you said, The Thinking Girl’s Guide to Drinking, so just paying attention to that and saying, “All right. All right. If you drink, if you feel it more, you feel it less.” What if you do all these food-based things, are you going to necessarily drink more? If you were to have your alcohol on an empty stomach and go out and party, like that’s probably the lowest dose of alcohol that you’re going to feel, so …

 

Ariane:            [inaudible 00:27:22] discuss that. How much what you eat beforehand depends on what you want to accomplish out of your night and that, if you are looking to really get a buzz quickly, have a very light dinner, then have a cocktail. You’re going to notice it. You’ll feel it right away far more or specifically, it’s the carbohydrates because it’s the things that stay in your stomach and take a longer time to get through and that alcohol can literally soak right into. It’s really hard for alcohol to soak into avocado, whereas it’s really easy for it to soak into bread, if you’re talking about consuming something within a couple hours when the food is literally still going through your stomach.

 

Dave:  Got it, so what happens in the stomach really matters. If you want to just slow down your alcohol absorption, what would you mix in with your alcohol?

 

Ariane:            Specifically, blended type drinks. We have one called If You Like Pina Coladas. I do big chunks of pineapple and bananas with rum so that you’re getting all the fiber of the food. I make a note for that drink. You’re not going to feel this like you would feel a pina colada that’s pineapple juice based. This will be a slower absorption because you’ve got the fiber of the fruit. This is going to be more of a snack. Have it with that in mind.

 

Dave:  Do you use Brain Octane in any of the recipes here?

 

Ariane:            I actually have About kava. There’s a kava mocktail called Armored Hot Chocolate that I state is my version of Bulletproof Hot Chocolate. You do cocoa powder. I think I add a toffee stevia for sweetness because, the kava, you really need something, a raw cocoa powder, Brain Octane and grass-fed butter.

 

Dave:  It’s interesting, when you mix Brain Octane into alcohol or just even take capsules of it, Brain Octane has specific effects in the liver with respect to alcohol production … or not production. What’s the word I’m looking for? It has specific effects in the liver with respect to how your liver breaks down alcohol toxins. I find it a huge difference in how I feel from it because, when you have some ketones present, Brain Octane raises ketones, you can also have less inflammation in the cells because ketones make less free radicals than sugar does. If you have a little bit less inflammation at the same time you introduced an alcohol that can be inflammatory, you can balance things out, and you feel better.

 

There’s actually PubMed studies about that stuff, and I’m like, “Wow, that’s kind of cool.” That’s one of the things that I make sure that I do in the meal that I eat. If I’m going to have wine or something … I do this at every meal anyway, but I always pour Brain Octane on my food or blend it in or something even if it’s a dinnertime meal. I don’t just put Brain Octane in the coffee. I put it somewhere, and I find that makes a difference for how I feel if I’m going to have alcohol.

 

Ariane:            Makes perfect sense.

 

Dave:  I like the taste of alcohol sometimes, but I don’t necessarily want to a drink, so how can I get the taste of alcohol without actually having alcohol in a mixed drink?

 

Ariane:            The easiest way to get the taste of alcohol without drinking, which is a fun thought in and of itself, is to put in the other things that you would normally have in a cocktail. Right from the start, if you’re talking something bubbly, something citrus and you begin with those elements, you’re going to have an experience that feels like having a drink. We have tons of mocktails that have a very cocktail experience because they aren’t just a single glass filled with ice and a straw and some non-alcoholic liquids. We do things like one called … It’s the size of a vodka Gimlet, and I call it a Kimmy Gimlet. It’s fresh basil muddled with lemon juice and maple syrup, and you get a shot. It’s a very strong basil, lemon, slightly sweetened little shot, so you get this alcohol-like experience because, normally, you wouldn’t do a shot of something that wasn’t alcoholic.

 

You’re not going to likely take a shot of lemon juice or something like that, but you have this bright green little drink that reads like green juice, but, thankfully, it doesn’t even have any vegetable juice in it. It’s sweet. It’s tangy. It’s super herbal. You get an experience. That’s what we’re looking for most of the time. It’s not just the taste, but the experience.

 

Dave:  That’s a cool idea. I need to try that one. I certainly haven’t tried all the recipes in the book because there’s a lot of them, and I think I might-

 

Ariane:            There’s a lot of recipes.

 

Dave:  I enjoy, with dinner, I’ll drink sparkling water like a San Pellegrino or something. For people listening, yeah, San Pellegrino is owned by a big, mean, bad company. However, before it was owned by them, it was a healing spring, and it still is. Given that, in most restaurants, I can get that and I can’t really get any other water and it’s one of the highest sulfate waters, yes, I drink San Pellegrino. I just would like the company that owns them to recognize that water is a human right, so there. I said my both sides of the argument there, but I’ll take San Pellegrino.

 

I will add a little bit of something sour, even a few drops of apple cider vinegar and a few drops of different kinds of bitters. If you get the right balance of sour and bitter and you drink it, you’re like, “It’s kind of kombucha-esque.” You’re like, “I’m drinking something that I would almost think is either beer-ish or champagne-ish.” I play around with that sometimes. It’s cool. You can put little bits of turmeric and all. It isn’t even really a mocktail. It’s just got the vibe, for lack of a better word, of having a beer with a meal without all the downside of beer, which is pretty substantial.

 

Ariane:            That’s something I really feel is underserved overall for all the different communities that don’t have alcohol. One of my motivations for putting so many mocktails in the book was I did kundalini yoga teacher training this past year just to really deepen my practice and get a better understanding of it. It’s a very non-alcoholic community, so they go to all this great trouble to make tons of delicious food and then they have sparkling apple juice.

 

Dave:  That drives me nuts.

 

Ariane:            It’s like, “We’re not 8-years-old.” You could do so much better and so simply, and people would be so excited about it.

 

Dave:  They would be, and, also, don’t give that to 8-year-olds. It’s a super sugar bomb. It’s like candy. Like do you want to see 9-year-olds misbehaving at a party? Give them sparkling apple juice.

 

Ariane:            Exactly. It’s not even a fresh juice. There’s so little health benefit to it. It was in seeing that community and how excited people got about food and baked goods and all of those things and then, when it came to what they drank, there just weren’t very many options. Sometimes, quite typically, in social situations you don’t necessarily have food, but you almost always have drinks. Offering people a glass of water is just so sad compared to, “Hey, everyone, let’s do shots of this thing that’s going to make you feel great and tastes good and looks good.”

 

Dave:  There’s clearly a space for mocktails that are really special. I like that about your book. Frankly, I don’t read a lot of books about mixology because alcohol is not my high performance drug of choice. It’s not a performance enhancer pretty much for anyone. Maybe one drink for some people, but the studies are pretty clear about that. I’m, like, “I want to feel lots of energy. I want to feel good the next day.” Alcohol isn’t necessarily going to be added to my life, so to go through a lot of trouble to mix it, but you’re book is cool because there’s a lot of mocktails in it, where the social aspects are accounted for without the performance inhibiting effects of alcohol, but there’s also alcohol in there because sometimes you want alcohol. There isn’t a moral judgment about whether you want it or whether you have it or not.

 

Ariane:            No, not in the slightest.

 

Dave:  It’s just like-

 

Ariane:            I try to refrain from those in general.

 

Dave:  Yeah. It’s like, “How do you want to feel tomorrow?” and then you’re going to choose your food, choose your poison, whatever you want to call it. It’s the same, I could go to Taco Bell.

 

Ariane:            [crosstalk 00:35:13].

 

Dave:  Right, or maybe I could eat something better and have a drink with something better and still feel better the next day. Right? You’re going to pick and you’re going to dial it in.

 

Ariane:            Exactly, and so much of our choices in life are just a matter of being informed by someone. I really believe in covert nutrition. I don’t think you should have to feel like you’re getting knowledge to get some knowledge. That, basically, translated into a book where you get so many nutrition tips. You learn about so many different foods and you learn about different health-promoting aspects of so many different foods, but you don’t really notice because you’re reading cocktail recipes.

 

Dave:  Totally.

 

Ariane:            I love that. That’s what I like to see, and that’s what I feel people respond best to is when they don’t feel like, “Oh, I’m getting an education here. I’ve got to do this. There’s no need for that.”

 

Dave:  Now, do you put kale in alcoholic drinks?

 

Ariane:            I have a chapter called Green Without Envy, but it’s green juices. It’s assorted blends. We use some, just generic, store-bought green juice because that’s the most accessible thing, and then we use individual juices like celery juice in place of olive juice for a dirty martini.

 

Dave:  [inaudible 00:36:24] for like the actual kale. Do you like to, say, like juice a kale and put it in alcohol?

 

Ariane:            We only have it in the context of a mixed green juice.

 

Dave:  Okay, cool.

 

Ariane:            [inaudible 00:36:31] we’ll usually have spinach, kale, that sort of thing. I did the kale thing really significantly by having a brand of kale chips. I feel like life beyond kale, life after kale, I had had my fair share. I have fed my fair share to America. We’re cool off that for a while.

 

Dave:  You make me laugh. Yeah. I have kale in the garden. I oftentimes just feed it to chickens because they’ll eat it if the cows won’t because they don’t like oxalyic acid and neither will horses.

 

Ariane:            [crosstalk 00:37:05].

 

Dave:  I kind feel it would be a waste of alcohol to put a kale, vodka smoothie. Like, “Really?” Like it’s just like, I don’t know, like put bacon in instead.

 

Ariane:            We do green juice. It’s very popular now in cocktails. It’s a thing in New York especially at a couple of different bars, so I did want to have green juice in there because people are so into it.

 

Dave:  Sure. It makes sense.

 

Ariane:            I argue both sides of that argument as far as “is juice good for you at all?”

 

Dave:  A mixed green juice with alcohol? I don’t have a problem, but if you’re going to go out their way to, “I’m going to muddle kale with this,” like, “Seriously?” Like get over it. Anyway, I’m happy. I didn’t study every recipe.

 

Ariane:            I’m happy that I don’t do that.

 

Dave:  Good. Thank you. I appreciate that.

 

Ariane:            No problem.

 

Dave:  Now, if I wanted to muddle bacon in a drink, would that work?

 

Ariane:            We actually do a chapter called Cocoa Butter Me Up. That is cocoa butter infused alcohol and coconut oil infused alcohol, 2 separate ones. Typically, that would be either bacon or butter, but, in the book, in general, I just really wanted to offer vegan alternatives for everything. It’s already no gluten ingredient, no refined sugars.

 

Dave:  Cool.

 

Ariane:            I just wanted it to be as across-the-board as possible because that’s what I do in life. The process that we use for that, we talk about how you could do it with bacon fat or butter instead, which are both more common than doing coconut butter or coconut oil.

 

Dave:  Yeah. Bacon has a really neat thing with alcohol. When you get just a hit of bacon, it tastes really good. I’ve tried bacon grease in Bulletproof Coffee, and it’s freaking disgusting. I cannot make it taste good. I know some people say they have, and I just think that they may love bacon more than I do, which is hard to, but …

 

Ariane:            It’s the smoke factor. When you combine that with alcohols, that can be really delicious.

 

Dave:  Okay. Cool.

 

Ariane:            It’s also the fat, the fat-washing process, which is really all you do is melt either bacon fat, butter, coconut oil, cocoa butter, any fat. You mix it with a hard alcohol and you shake it up, and then you let it sit in the fridge for a day or two. The fat separates and you get the flavor behind.

 

Dave:  Oh, cool.

 

Ariane:            With the flavor, you also get this really amazing saltiness. That’s the same thing from the bacon. It’s just a smoothness that cuts through that burn at the end in addition to the flavor of the fat. The coconut oil, vodka basically taste like Malibu Rum without the sweetness.

 

Dave:  See, that’s the trick. See, I was just throwing a few strips of bacon in the blender with a drink, and it just wasn’t the same.

 

Ariane:            You can’t blame bacon.

 

Dave:  I’m kidding. I wasn’t doing that. That would be sick and wrong.

 

Ariane:            That’s disgusting.

 

Dave:  No. Bacon smoothies, they’re not real? All right, I’m with you there. You do something cool with ginger. How do you make an anti-inflammatory ginger syrup that’s not just like a sugar bomb?

 

Ariane:            Yeah, we do both a ginger juice and a ginger syrup. What I love about the juice is that you don’t have to bust out a juicer and you don’t have to go to the grocery store or a juice bar to get the juice. All you have to do is grate fresh ginger over a Microplane or a grater and then, all that pulp that’s left behind, you squeeze, and the juice that comes out is what we use in the book for ginger juice. I love that because it’s a little milder.

 

Then, for the syrup, I just boil water with fresh ginger, essentially making a really strong ginger tea, and then you add maple syrup, honey or coconut sugar to it. We do some without any sugar at all. Like there’s a lavender syrup that’s erythritol-based, but it did have some non-refined actual sweeteners in there because most people generally want those and they’re like, “Erythritol what?”

 

Dave:  Totally. I have another question. I don’t know if you were going to have an opinion on this or not because it’s something that I meant to talk about a couple of years ago in the blog and I just never did, and I recently was talking about it on Facebook. Someone asked me during Facebook Live. When you’re in ketosis, alcohol has a different effect on you, right?

 

Ariane:            Yeah.

 

Dave:  Like people in ketosis are less sensitive to alcohol, but I’ve also got at least one case where a friend called me and was, like, “I’m concerned I’m going to lose my immigration status in the US. I just got a DUI, and I didn’t even have one drink, but I’m super heavy in ketosis.” Do you know anything about this?

 

Ariane:            I’ve heard of it. I’ve heard of it, and when I have achieved a ketogenic state myself, which is a little more difficult with the health issues that I’ve had in the past, I was, like, “What has happened to my breath?” and take pity on people around me. It’s a thing.

 

Dave:  You get the keto breath, which is …

 

Ariane:            Exactly.

 

Dave:  … kind of a dragon breath. It goes away once your metabolism is done with toxins. I didn’t get that anyway.

 

Ariane:            It was just the first time I went into it. Then, any time I’ve managed to since, it’s never been an issue, but that first time was a doozy.

 

Dave:  The question is like “is there something that might trip up some of the breathometers?” There probably is, depending on the brand and the sensitivity of it. People who are in ketosis and drinking should know first of all. if you’re on the Bulletproof Diet, there’s times when you’re in ketosis or, if you’re just on the straight keto diet, you may be more sensitive to the recipes in the book, and there’s a risk that you could blow higher on a breath meter, so I would just say be really careful if you’re going to be driving. Your best bet is to just take an Uber or a Lyft and just make sure that you know what’s going to happen because the last thing you want to do is, like, “Yeah, I had one alcoholic serving 3 hours ago,” and I blew a 0.1 and now I’m in a whole heap of trouble, and it’s really because I was in ketosis, not because there was any meaningful amount of alcohol in my system.

 

Ariane:            That’s important for an audience like yours that does that sort of thing often. That was something I wanted to bring up about our history with alcohol because I know you have a lot of Paleo-based listeners. That was something that I researched and didn’t include in the book because I didn’t want it to be history lessons too much, but, in doing the research about our history with alcohol, there are some … Do you know a lot about that? It’s pretty fascinating, our human history with alcohol.

 

Dave:  Give me the 2-minute version. I think our audience would love that.

 

Ariane:            Okay. Scientists have studied about 70 million years worth of our digestive enzymes and bacteria, and what they found, that was published in the Journal of National Academy of Sciences, is that 10 million years ago, we mutated. We had a genetic mutation, and our bodies created the ADH4 enzyme, the family that you refer to when we started, ADH. Before that, we didn’t have it, and then we did. What that enabled us to do was start eating the fruit off the forest floor that was rotting. We had never been able to do that before. Our diet, while we were living up in the trees, was limited to the fresh fruit that we could pick.

 

Once we were able to process the ethanol in rotting fruit, we began migrating down to the forest floor so that we had more variety, and our ability to process ethanol and widen our diet with rotting fruit is considered one of the main reasons we were able to migrate from living in the trees to living on the ground, so it actually plays a huge role in human evolution.

 

Dave:  That is way cool, and I totally didn’t know that. That should have been our cool fact of the day, but I just didn’t know it.

 

Ariane:            I love that. I kind of wish I’d included it in the book because, now, I just talk about it every opportunity I get.

 

Dave:  It’s a cool story. It’s interesting, some animals don’t have that. Like dogs don’t have ADH.

 

Ariane:            No, dogs don’t. Cats don’t.

 

Dave:  Yeah. I remember before I knew that grapes were bad for dogs, this was when I was about 10, so going way back … By the way, if you’re listening and you have a dog, don’t give grapes to your dog. I had these dachshunds. I used to have 4 dachshunds, 2 old ones and 2 young ones, so you can imagine like a little, I don’t know what you call it, a little pack of dachshund, but there’s probably a special name for it like a Weiner-Munchen or something.

 

Anyway, one of them would go and we’d pick grapes, and the ones that the birds bite, essentially, there was a vine growing, and we’d thrown them down and he’d eat them. This dog would literally get falling over drunk every time we’d have a big bag of grapes, which was funny. He seemed to enjoy himself greatly, but, now, I know I was not helping his liver and kidneys or anything.

 

Ariane:            No, you were not creating a performance-enhancing dog.

 

Dave:  He lived until he was 17 and a half, so he did all right.

 

Ariane:            It’s kind of a thing though, just like the elderly people that are eating salami and beer for every meal and they’re They’re like, “Well, I’m a 102.” It worked out just fine.

 

Dave:  Tell me what your grandmother ate. because that’s one of the biggest things that’s going to epigenetically influence you, so I’d like to think that my dog had a grandmother who ate bison, because dachshunds often take bisons down on the plain. You’d just need like 400 dachshunds to take down a bison, and it’s like piranhas. It’s terrible. We have the ability to do it. A lot of animals can’t do it. Some can, but, obviously, somethings like fruit flies, like they thrive on this stuff, so the enzyme has existed for a very long time.

 

Ariane:            It’s been around, in humans, 10 million years or, what you would call humans, 10 million years ago, australopithecines or whatever we were at the time.

 

Dave:  Do you know what percentage neanderthal you are?

 

Ariane:            Is that a 23andMe question?

 

Dave:  Yeah.

 

Ariane:            My sister did it, and I don’t remember. I just know that people have always been, like, “You have to me Middle Eastern.” I’m like, “We’re so not Middle Eastern,” and then we did the test, and there was 3% Bedouin.

 

Dave:  Oh, cool, there you go.

 

Ariane:            Finally, it made sense. It’s not just Middle Eastern. We’re like the gypsies, so, of course, that was cool. I’m the only one in my family that looks like that, so now we explained me.

 

Dave:  Explained so much. I found out the other day, because I went back and looked at my results from a couple years ago, I have a neanderthal mutation for less back hair, so, hooray.

 

Ariane:            That’s cool.

 

Dave:  I win.

 

Ariane:            Yeah. That’s a good one to pass on to your kids.

 

Dave:  They do have some alcohol genetic things in there, too, about how likely you are to process alcohol and all. It’s fascinating because there’s the genes and there’s the environmental switches for the genes that are pretty much driven by mitochondria. In fact, I didn’t write about alcohol in the new book I’m working on about mitochondria other than it causes inflammation. Inflammation universally decreases mitochondrial efficiency, but there’s probably some specific things that happen in our glutathione and mitochondria energy production in cells, but it may be beneficial for short periods for some things. I think there’s probably some really cool science around that.

 

Ariane:            There’s so many things you can do with alcohol, too, and mitigate the inflammation. That’s one of the things we use ginger for is getting …

 

Dave:  Perfect.

 

Ariane:            … is getting rid of the inflammation that can, otherwise, occur from alcohol.

 

Dave:  It helps a lot. In my understanding of the universe of alcohol, there’s the alcohol itself, ethanol. That has an effect, and then the stuff that comes with it oftentimes is more inflammatory. When you get, like you said, those …

 

Ariane:            Oh, yeah.

 

Dave:  … those mixed chemical, color, sweetener, high fructose corn syrup, crappy mixers, you should expect inflammation without the alcohol. Just drink the mixer.

 

Ariane:            I was just going to say just from that, exactly, that’s not going to do you any favors at all.

 

Dave:  Yeah. Really, if you’re going to eat crappy junk food, go out and have a really good croissant. It’s going to be less harmful even with all the crap that’s in there than you’re going to get from eating a chemical mixer like that. I tend to be pretty suspicious of those.

 

Ariane:            Croissants are my traveling junk food of choice.

 

Dave:  There you go.

 

Ariane:            If I’m stuck in an airport for too long, I’m, like, “Well, now is the time.”

 

Dave:  I limit that. I’ve had the only gluten I’ve had in the last 8 years was in Greece. I’m like, “Well, I respond differently to European wheat,” so I had … That wasn’t croissant. It was baklava.

 

Ariane:            People said that, and then, in Paris, I was totally expecting nothing would affect me at all and I ate … because I eat gluten pretty rarely, and I ate more there, and my body did not love it any more. Not one bit of extra love.

 

Dave:  It turns out there’s the glyphosate. A lot of flour in the US has glyphosate on it because they spray it to make it-

 

Ariane:            Yeah.

 

Dave:  They spray it at the end of the crop to make it ripen more quickly. I’m like, “Come on, jerks.” Like That’s not cool. Then there’s a very different fungal biome in the US versus Europe. They both contain mycotoxins, but they’re different families of mycotoxins. This is all tracked because of animal husbandry. Then there’s the different yeasts. In the US, we have American style, high growth, genetically modified yeast that grows quickly and, in Europe, like we have old style yeast that grows slowly, so who knows which of those is affecting you, and it could be all of them.

 

Ariane:            Exactly.

 

Dave:  It’s great because we’re talking about alcohol. Like, okay, this bottle of alcohol makes you feel this way and this one with the same basic name makes me feel this way. It may be different for people and, if you find something that works for you, like that’s what’s most important. Right?

 

Ariane:            Exactly. That’s the goal is to know. If it makes you into a snob because you’re, like, “Oh, I like this one, but I don’t like that one,” you don’t necessarily have to make a big deal out of it and tell everyone you know. You just make that choice and that’s what you purchase.

 

Dave:  Exactly, and that’s what you’d choose to do because you feel better the next day. Now, we’re coming up on the end of the show. I think you’ve already answered this question once before, but maybe you have a different answer today because people do it off the cuff. If someone came to you today and said, “Based on everything you know like right now, I want to perform better at everything I do. I want to kick ass at life. What are the three most important things I need to know?” What would you tell them?

 

Ariane:            This is super off the cuff because I didn’t know you were still doing this.

 

Dave:  I totally do this. I’ve only missed it once.

 

Ariane:            I feel like, in the year since, I should have grown so much that I have all these super different answers that I had last year.

 

Dave:  You did kundalini teacher training. I mean, come on.

 

Ariane:            Oh, my goodness, [fucking … 00:50:32]

 

Dave:  We got you, f bomb right there.

 

Ariane:            Like 13-hour days, 15-hour days, outrageous. Definitely, step outside of your comfort zone. I don’t know. I don’t think that was one that I did last time. If it makes you drastically uncomfortable and it won’t put you in harm’s way, say yes.

 

Dave:  Heck, yeah.

 

Ariane:            That’s where everything good happens. Stop listening to other people telling you, “You can’t,” because you can and you will.

 

Dave:  Cool.

 

Ariane:            Everyone was, like, “You’re going to write another book? You just wrote a book. The book is still doing well. Why do you want to do that?” And I said, “I want to write. This is what I do. I want to help people with food. I want to do more of this. I will figure out a new book. I will get a great book deal. This is going to happen,” and I didn’t listen to anyone else, and everything went well.

 

The last one, I’m going to stick with from before. Pat yourself on the back more often. Chill out. Relax. Congratulate yourself. You made it here, and that is amazing. You are wonderful. That’s been telling myself that, telling other people that. It’s been one of the best things in life. We don’t congratulate ourselves for wherever we’re at. We have this more-and-more-and-more attitude, and it doesn’t serve anyone.

 

Dave:  Beautiful. Thank you for sharing those. It’s always cool to see what’s inside people’s heads because, when you just have to boil it down on the spot, it’s intriguing. What is tattooed on your forearm?

 

Ariane:            Which one?

 

Dave:  I don’t know. Which is the best one?

 

Ariane:            These are my favorites. This is produce of all sorts.

 

Dave:  That’s cool.

 

Ariane:            There’s a big avocado. There’s all kinds of produce, and then this one is Ganesha and a watery heart and a quote that’s a shortened version of a Mr. Rogers’ quote. He’s my favorite. He’s my absolute favorite person. People are always shocked by that. The full quote is, “There are 3 ways to the ultimate success. The first way is to be kind. The second way is to be kind. The third way is to be kind.”

 

Dave:  I love it.

 

Ariane:            My tattoo is, “Ways to success. One, be kind. Two, be kind. Three, be kind.”

 

Dave:  I love it. One of the … my favorite quotes for Mr. Rogers is, “Look for the helpers.” When he sees something scary on TV like disaster or terrorism or whatever, his parents would just tell him, “Whenever something bad happens, just look around. There’s always helpers,” and then you see all the people coming in and you just totally reframe things. Like that’s a pretty powerful thing. Mr. Rogers definitely had some ugly sweaters, but he had some good knowledge.

 

Ariane:            He’s like my life goal.

 

Dave:  Nice.

 

Ariane:            I want people to feel like Mr. Rogers made me feel.

 

Dave:  That is so cool.

 

Ariane:            Eventually. I’m getting there. It’s a long process. He was a really good man.

 

Dave:  He was, indeed.

 

Ariane:            He didn’t start out quite so exalted.

 

Dave:  Where can people find out more about The Thinking Girl’s Guide to Drinking?

 

Ariane:            It is out November 1st in all major retailers. It’s prior to November 1st, available for pre-order on Amazon, Barnes & Noble, all kinds of other online retailers, and I believe you’re giving away a copy.

 

Dave:  I’m giving away a copy on the show today.

 

Ariane:            You are.

 

Dave:  If you’d like to win the free, signed copy of Ariane’s new book, we can send it to you. All you’ve got to do in order to win the free copy of Ariane’s book that is just a little prize for this episode is, the first week we go live on iTunes, just head on over to Facebook and post about it and, in your post, link either to the iTunes episode of Bulletproof Radio or link to the blog post about it on the Bulletproof website and tag Ariane and tag me on Facebook, and just put your favorite quote from the show or say something nice about the show. At the end of the week, we’ll pick out our favorite one, which is likely to be the one that gets commented on the most or shared the most or liked the most, but we reserve judgment on that one, and then, we will contact you and send you the signed version of the book, which was signed lovingly and carefully by Ariane herself.

 

All right. if you learned something helpful today about things you could put with alcohol, you never maybe thought of doing bone broth and collagen with alcohol or all these other things, and if you’re one of the probably 80% of people who have an occasional drink and want to feel good when you’re done or maybe, more commonly, you have a lot of drinks and want to feel good when you’re done, however it is, The Thinking Girl’s Guide to Drinking has some stuff in it for you. If you don’t drink at all and you just want to have some mocktails that make you feel like your drinking, it’s all in there.

 

If you liked the episode, I would appreciate it if you went over to iTunes, it takes you about 30 seconds, and just give us 5 stars. The reviews really, really matter because they help other people find it. We’re pushing 50 million downloads on iTunes. Probably, a half a million people will hear this episode, so, if you could just take a minute or two to go over there and it really makes a difference.

 

Thank you, and thanks for listening. Have an awesome day.

[/expand]

How Gut Bacteria Control Your Mind

You have trillions of bacteria living in your GI tract, and the little buggers are constantly at war. Competing species battle for space. Colonies stake out territory, fighting off invaders. Some strains grow out of control; others go extinct.

[Tweet “Control your #gut #bacteria to improve everything from mood to motivation #brain #weightloss”]

This bacterial balancing act determines a great deal about your biology. We’ve known for a while that your gut biome affects your metabolism, skin, digestion, and weight. In the past few years, researchers have discovered your gut bacteria dabble in mind control, too. Your gut and brain are in constant contact thanks to a pathway called the gut-brain axis. Some bacteria make neurotransmitters, directly influencing your brain activity – for better or worse, depending on the bacteria.

Here’s how you can control your gut flora to improve everything from mood to motivation.

 

Get dirty to boost your mood and hack inflammation

No, not that kind of dirty (although hacking your sex life can be a great mood-booster, too).

Researchers have developed a theory called the Hygiene Hypothesis. Basically, it says our lives have become too sanitary. Washing your hands after everything you do may actually weaken your immune system, and showering daily rinses beneficial bacteria off your skin.

It’s better to be a bit dirty, which isn’t surprising when you consider that we haven’t evolved with antibacterial soap. Simply coming into contact with dirt can do a great deal for you. People with lung cancer exposed to Mycobacterium vaccae, a common soil bacterium, reported significant increases in quality of life [1]. Healthy mice fed the same strain ran a maze twice as quickly and showed less anxious behavior [2].

It’ll also diversify your gut. A more diverse gut biome links to higher blood tryptophan levels in humans [3]. Tryptophan turns into serotonin, the same mood-controlling neurotransmitter antidepressants target. No surprise that mice raised in a germ-free environment are more likely to be depressed, and mice given gut bacteria from depressed humans get blue as well [3].

So tend a garden, walk through a forest barefoot, rock climb, or roll around in a field. Getting your hands dirty once in a while could make you happier. Oh, and bring your kid with you, too. Children exposed to more dirt, dust, animals, and bacteria are less likely to develop asthma and inflammatory issues later in life [4,5].

Skip the antibiotics

Antibiotics demolish your gut biome. They kill off infections, but they wipe out all the good stuff while they do it, ruining the delicate balance in your gut. A single course of antibiotics substantially increases your risk of depression and anxiety, and taking more antibiotics after that makes the risk higher [3,6]. Worse yet, the symptoms can last for months while your biome rebalances. Antibiotics can trigger systemic inflammation [7], and in mice they decrease brain cell growth in the hippocampus, the part of your brain that controls memory [8]. Antibiotics also open your gut up to yeast and fungi, which can lead to issues like candida [9]. Not good, unless you’re in a serious emergency.

Here are 5 strong antimicrobials you can use instead of antibiotics:

  • Coconut oil
  • Oregano oil (or pure carvacrol, the active ingredient in oregano oil)
  • Tea tree oil
  • Grapefruit seed extract
  • Neem

And if you do decide to take antibiotics, add a probiotic alongside them and for a month afterward to repopulate your gut faster. It’s difficult to recommend a brand because everyone’s gut is so different; experiment and find a probiotic that works for you.

 

Feed your gut the right fuel to grow new brain cells

Cutting out sugar is probably the fastest, most powerful way to improve your gut biome. A number of bad bacteria and yeasts ferment sugar and use it for fuel. Eating sugar regularly can lead to serious imbalances like small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and Candida (a type of yeast infection), both of which trigger brain-damaging inflammation, and in rats, a high-sugar diet slowed growth of new brain cells [3].

Instead, get plenty of foods that support a strong, balanced gut. Here are a few options:

  • Prebiotic fiber feeds your good gut bacteria and causes longer-lasting change than you’ll get taking probiotics [3,11]. Raw jicama, raw asparagus, jerusalem artichoke syrup, and underripe bananas all contain lots of prebiotic fiber.
  • Green veggies are high in fiber and polyphenols that feed good bacteria and decrease inflammation [11]. Broccoli and cauliflower contain sulforaphanes that make you grow new brain cells [12].
  • Resistant starch can also provide the good guys with fuel, although not everyone tolerates it well. You may get indigestion. Raw potato starch and plantain starch are good sources of resistant starch.
  • Butyrate turns into short-chain fatty acids good bacteria can use for energy. Grass-fed butter is full of it. Grass-fed ghee has even more.
  • Brain Octane Oil and coconut oil are strong antibacterials, antivirals, and antifungals.
  • Coffee is full of polyphenols that fuel good bacteria and suppress bad ones [11]. Bulletproof Coffee has butyrate, antimicrobial compounds, and polyphenols all in one place.

What you eat significantly changes your gut bacteria within days [13], making diet the most powerful way to create a resilient gut biome.The Bulletproof Diet Roadmap (download it for free!) is a great way to balance your gut and enhance your cognitive performance. You might lose a few pounds, too.

If you want to learn more about your gut, check out hacking your microbiome to burn more fat and increase your energy. You can also subscribe below for more ways to improve your biology. Thanks for reading and have a great week!

 

[expand title=”Click to read the complete list of references.” swaptitle=”Click to hide references.”]

  1. http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/6/906.long
  2. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Susan_Jenks/publication/235775776_Ingestion_of_Mycobacterium_vaccae_decreases_anxiety-related_behavior_and_improves_learning_in_mice/links/53f3568d0cf256ab87b09216.pdf
  3. http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/v21/n6/full/mp201650a.html
  4. http://science.sciencemag.org/content/330/6008/1168.summary?sid=e4dfd9d4-b976-4675-b1ac-3f05c7f5466d
  5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24732404
  6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26580313
  7. http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/339/339ra71
  8. http://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(16)30518-6
  9. http://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/abstract/S1931-3128(15)00377-7
  10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26760398
  11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4365176/
  12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27735126
  13. http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v12/n1/full/ni0111-5.html

 

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